29 Questions
What is the primary responsibility of B cells in the immune system?
Secreting antibodies
What is the primary function of the plasma cells in the immune system?
Secreting antibodies
What type of cells are responsible for cytotoxic immunity?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the fate of naive lymphocytes upon interaction with antigens and cytokines?
They undergo proliferation
What is the morphology of resting B and T lymphocytes?
Small and motile
What do effector cells of the T cell lineage include?
Cytotoxic T cells
What enzyme is responsible for inactivating the remaining kinin during the passage of plasma through the lung?
Angiotensin converting enzyme
What is the initial event that triggers the production of kinin?
Activation of Hageman factor by contact with negatively charged surfaces
What is the direct action of kallikrein on complement C5?
Conversion of C5 to C5a
Which of the following is not a function of kinin?
Activation of the intrinsic clotting system
What role does the enzyme kallikrein play in the production of kinin?
Cleaves high molecular weight kininogen to produce bradykinin
Which T cell subpopulation is restricted to recognizing antigen bound to class II MHC molecules?
T cells expressing the membrane glycoprotein CD4
Which of the following is NOT a function of T cells?
The T cells are involved in the secretion of antibodies
What is the typical ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells in peripheral blood?
2:1
Which of the following molecules is present on B cells and other APCs, and acts as a receptor for CD28?
B7 family of molecules
Which of the following cytokines secreted by Th cells is NOT responsible for activating B cells, T cells, or other cells that participate in the immune response?
IL-17
Which of the following functions as a co-stimulatory molecule in conjunction with TCR engagement during activation of T cells?
CD28
What is the primary role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)?
To recognize and eliminate altered self cells
How many chains does the T cell receptor (TCR) consist of and what are they?
Two chains, either α and β or γ and δ
What type of cell does a Th1 response mainly activate?
Macrophages and certain T cells
Which cell is activated when it interacts with an antigen-class I MHC complex on the surface of an altered cell?
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
Which chains of the TCR exhibit marked sequence variation?
The amino terminal domains of both chains
What is the structural similarity between the TCR and immunoglobulin?
They have similar domain structures
What is the primary function of the positively charged amino acid residues in the TCR transmembrane domains?
To interact with the chains of the signal transducing CD3 complex
How many hypervariable regions exist in the TCR variable domain?
Three
Which kinin system component is a potent agent that increases vascular permeability?
Bradykinin
Which TCR component forms a disulphide link with the other chain?
The connecting sequence
Which statement best describes the structural homology between TCR C and V domains and immunoglobulin V and C domains?
The TCR domains show minor structural differences compared to immunoglobulin domains
What is the length of the transmembrane region in the TCR chains?
21-22 amino acids
Learn about B and T lymphocytes as mediators of acquired immunity, where B cells handle humoral immunity and T cells manage cytotoxic immunity. Explore the role of the Kinin System in immune responses.
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