Immunoassays Overview and Techniques

<p>To bind to specific antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single molecule array (Simoa) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simoa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cost-effective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum is the liquid portion of blood after clotting, while plasma is the liquid portion of blood before clotting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SDS-Page (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pTau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass Nano Reactors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited throughput (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased flexibility and customization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires specialized equipment and expertise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Easy to use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simoa can detect lower concentrations of analytes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Tau (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CIEF uses a capillary instead of a gel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional ELISA measures the concentration of analytes in a sample, while Simoa measures the number of individual molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native protein detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is time-consuming and requires specialized training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fluoresces when bound to protein aggregates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing individual molecules instead of measuring their average concentration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More adaptable to different target analytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not specific enough. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To amplify the amount of misfolded protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CIEF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the presence or absence of protein aggregates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher sensitivity and resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The platform has a high throughput compared to other ELISA testing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can sometimes struggle to identify particular „channels“. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe2UyN6SBjU&amp;t=76s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe2UyN6SBjU&amp;t=76s</a> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring blood levels of neurofilament light and heavy chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bio-Techne (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more sensitive than ELISA tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An introduction to the Ella platform and its applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SAA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly sensitive and can detect low-abundance proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides only qualitative results and can be subjective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sandwich ELISA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automated immunoassay systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing data from clinical trials of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misfolded proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of standardization across different laboratories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Techniques to detect protein aggregation, particularly in diseases.

Neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolded prion proteins.

Ability to identify very low concentrations of substances.

Takes a long time to produce results or findings.

Binary outcome from certain assays indicating presence or absence.

Results influenced by personal interpretation instead of strict measures.

Proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology for research and diagnostics.

A highly sensitive assay technique to detect biomarkers using antibodies.

An automated immunoassay system designed for high sensitivity and throughput.

A laboratory method to detect and quantify substances using antigen-antibody reactions.

A biomarker indicative of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration.

Includes high sensitivity, high throughput, quick results, and ease of use.

Higher costs than ELISA, issues with channel detection, fewer commercial kits.

The capability to process a large number of tests quickly and efficiently.

Tests that provide measurable results, indicating the concentration of a substance.

Custom assays created in-house for specific tests or conditions.

Fluids from the body used for analysis in neurology.

Fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, analyzed for diseases.

A method for separating proteins based on their size.

A technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample.

A test that uses antibodies and color change to identify substances.

A method where the antigen directly binds to the plate for detection.

A sensitive technique for measuring biomarkers at single molecule levels.

A protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.

A technique for separating proteins based on their isoelectric point in a capillary format.

Detection method for different protein variants using isoelectric focusing.

Isoelectric focusing done using conventional methods, often in gel forms.

Patterns in protein bands, indicating immune responses, found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Includes high throughput and isoform readout capabilities, making it efficient.

Drawbacks include cost, reduced sensitivity, and semi-quantitative results.

A specific type of seed aggregation assay that detects misfolded proteins in real-time.

A type of immunoassay used to detect specific proteins using antibodies.

A biomarker associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology.

A measure of tau protein levels, indicating neurodegeneration.

A phosphorylated form of tau protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease.

Well established, broad applications, cost-effective, quantitative, sensitive.

Issues include cross-contamination, antibody limitations, and validation needs.

Automated systems for running ELISA assays, increasing efficiency and consistency.

A biomarker that helps detect tau protein levels associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Structural proteins in nerve cells, whose levels can indicate neurodegenerative conditions like ALS.

Highly sensitive, high throughput, fast, quantitative, and many commercial kits available.

Costly, requires training, and may experience system errors.

Process of conducting assays using automated systems to enhance accuracy and efficiency.