Immunoassay and Hormone Detection

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What is the result of the interaction between the soluble antigen and antibody?

The breakdown of the antigen into smaller fragments
The formation of an insoluble lattice that forms precipitate out of the solution (correct)
The formation of a suspension
The formation of a soluble complex

What happens to the insoluble lattice formed in the interaction between the soluble antigen and antibody?

It is broken down into smaller fragments
It forms a suspension
It precipitates out of the solution (correct)
It remains in solution

What is the nature of the lattice formed in the interaction between the soluble antigen and antibody?

Soluble
Partially soluble
Colloidal
Insoluble (correct)

What is the fundamental component of the precipitate formed in the interaction between the soluble antigen and antibody?

Insoluble lattice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying process that leads to the formation of the insoluble lattice in the interaction between the soluble antigen and antibody?

Antigen-antibody binding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of an antibody combining site?

The ability to react with only one antigenic determinant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of an antibody to react with only one antigenic determinant?

Specificity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a pathogen that can be detected by IgM antibodies?

Cytomegalovirus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibody is produced first in response to an infection?

IgM (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between an antibody and its antigenic determinant?

One antibody can bind to one antigenic determinant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of serological means?

Detection of autoantibody (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can serological means measure?

The minute amount of hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is another application of serological means?

Immunoassay of hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is another use of serological means in pharmacology?

Detection of offending drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of serological means?

They are highly sensitive (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition necessary for precipitation to occur?

Concentrations of antigen and antibody are equal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the concentration of antigen is in excess?

No precipitation occurs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficient concentration of antibody?

No precipitation occurs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does precipitation occur?

When concentrations of antigen and antibody are equivalent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the concentration of antigen is equal to the concentration of antibody?

Precipitation occurs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Ab and Ag?

Ab is specific to Ag and there is no similar Ag (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Ab and Ag are mixed together in a petri dish?

Two precipitation lines are formed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incubation in the ELISA method?

To allow the reaction to occur between Ab and Ag (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause false positive results in the ELISA method?

Using a non-specific Ab (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using agar in the ELISA method?

To provide a solid medium for the reaction to occur (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing Ab with multiple Ag in the ELISA method?

Multiple precipitation lines are formed (B) Signup and view all the answers