Immunization Coverage Challenges

Children or infants who have started vaccination but haven't completed the full schedule, leading to reduced immunity.

Children or infants missing from the immunization records and not receiving any vaccines.

ICDS supervisors monitor and support the activities of AWWs (Anganwadi Workers) involved in the immunization program.

The situation where there are no healthcare centers (SCs) available in certain areas, hindering access to essential services like immunization.

Inadequate tracking of children's vaccination records can result in children missing out on immunization or failing to complete their schedules.

The challenges of providing immunization services consistently due to limited access to vaccines, supplies, or personnel.

Low immunization coverage leaves communities vulnerable to preventable diseases, compromising their health and well-being.

A bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs but can also affect bones, joints, and the brain.

A highly contagious viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to chronic disease, jaundice, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.

A vaccine that helps protect against serious forms of childhood tuberculosis.

The system of storing and transporting vaccines at the right temperatures from the manufacturer to the point of use.

Vaccines can be damaged by heat, light, or freezing. This affects their effectiveness.

Checking the appearance of a vaccine vial, its expiry date, and ensuring it's been kept at the right temperature.

Open vaccine vials can be used for a limited time, with specific guidelines to prevent waste.

Refrigerators, freezers, and vaccine carriers help maintain the cold chain.

Vaccines like DPT, TT, IPV, HepB, PCV, and Penta can lose their effectiveness if frozen, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.

A test that compares a potentially frozen vaccine vial (Test Vial) to a frozen control vial to check for damage. It involves shaking both vials vigorously and observing sedimentation.

If the sedimentation rate in the Test Vial is slower than in the Frozen Vial, the vaccine has not been damaged.

If the sedimentation rate is similar in both vials or if sedimentation is faster in the Test Vial, the vaccine is damaged.

Vaccines returned from a vaccination session should be kept in clearly labeled bags or containers to prevent misuse.

Pneumococcus is a type of bacteria that can cause various infections, including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, ear infections, and sinus infections.

Pneumococcal diseases are spread through close contact with infected individuals, like coughing, sneezing, or sharing personal items.

Young children, especially those under 2 years old, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of developing pneumococcal disease.

Prevention includes vaccination with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), which is given in three doses to infants, protecting them against the most common types of pneumococcal disease.

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis. It's a serious disease that can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis, especially in children who are malnourished or live in crowded conditions.

Rubella is a viral infection that is usually mild in children but can cause serious complications in pregnant women, including miscarriage, stillbirth, and birth defects in their babies (congenital rubella syndrome).

Measles and rubella are spread through respiratory droplets, like coughing or sneezing.

Recognizing measles can be done by noticing a fever and a characteristic maculopapular rash (flat, red spots) along with cough, runny nose, and red eyes.

Measles and rubella are often preventable with vaccines. Vaccination helps build immunity to the viruses.

Measles and rubella can lead to serious health complications, especially in children who are malnourished or have weakened immune systems. It's essential to seek medical care for any suspected cases of these diseases.