Immunization Coverage Challenges

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors contributes to low immunization coverage due to unavailability of services?

Excessive data collection

Frequent community meetings

Poor vaccine storage

Vacant sub-centers (correct)

What is indicated by the term 'drop-outs' in the context of immunization coverage?

Children who have never been vaccinated

Children who receive early vaccinations before the schedule

Children who are only partially listed in records

Children who start the vaccination process but do not complete it (correct)

Which issue is primarily associated with tracking children for immunization purposes?

Lack of community awareness programs

Inconsistent reporting by health workers

Overlapping schedules with educational seminars

Weak tracking leading to high dropout and left-out rates (correct)

What role do ICDS supervisors play in improving immunization efforts?

Monitoring house-to-house surveys and supporting AWWs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues does NOT directly affect immunization coverage?

High literacy rates in the community Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a community with low immunization coverage?

Higher risk of disease outbreaks Signup and view all the answers

In the context of immunization activities, what should be prioritized to address the 'left-outs'?

Better tracking and identification of unvaccinated children Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a vaccine vial has been found to contain floccules after shaking?

It should be discarded immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is explicitly mentioned as not applicable for the shake test?

IPV Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a vaccine has passed the shake test?

The sedimentation rate is slower in the Test vial compared to the Control vial. Signup and view all the answers

Why should vaccines returned from immunization sessions be stored in separate bags?

To avoid confusion with potent vaccines. Signup and view all the answers

What consequences can occur if DPT vaccines are frozen?

They lose potency and risk increasing adverse events. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Weighting Multiplicative Factor (WMF) when the wastage rate is 15%?

1.18 Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine has the highest permissible wastage percentage?

BCG Signup and view all the answers

What is the WMF for the Pentavalent vaccine?

1.11 Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the cold chain in vaccine management?

To ensure vaccines are stored and transported at recommended temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine requires conditioning of frozen ice packs as part of the cold chain management?

OPV Signup and view all the answers

How many doses are included in the Permissible wastage rates for the DPT vaccine?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines is sensitive to freezing as part of the cold chain management?

TT Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the WMF for the MR vaccine?

1.33 Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with Tuberculosis?

Severe headaches Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine has a WMF of 1.11 and allows for multiple doses?

DPT Signup and view all the answers

What must be checked to ensure vaccines have maintained cold chain conditions?

Temperature of storage and transportation Signup and view all the answers

How is Tuberculosis primarily spread?

Airborne droplets from coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which population is at higher risk of contracting Tuberculosis?

People residing in crowded conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine?

To prevent serious forms of childhood Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

How can Hepatitis B be transmitted?

Contact with infected blood or body fluids Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infants infected with Hepatitis B during birth may develop chronic disease?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for preventing Hepatitis B?

Eating vitamin-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with chronic Hepatitis B infection?

Cirrhosis of the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases can be caused by pneumococci?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of transmission for pneumococcus?

Coughing and sneezing Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT at increased risk for pneumococcal disease?

Healthy adults with no underlying conditions Signup and view all the answers

What vaccine is used to prevent pneumococcal diseases?

PCV Signup and view all the answers

What is one condition associated with a higher risk of pneumococcal disease?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom combination is characteristic of measles?

Fever and maculopapular rash along with cough Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a common complication of measles?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

Which preventive measure is recommended against pneumococcal disease?

Administering PCV in three doses Signup and view all the answers

Which population is particularly vulnerable to rubella complications?

Pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What additional risk factor might contribute to pneumococcal disease in children?

Exposure to indoor smoke Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Units 1-12 cover topics in immunization, including roles of health workers, national immunization schedules, disease prevention, cold chain management and adverse events.
Acronyms and abbreviations for various terms and organizations are provided.
Table 1.1 details key achievements in India's immunization program over time.
Unit 1 discusses importance and reasons for low immunization coverage and health workers' roles in routine immunization.
Unit 2 details diseases prevented by vaccination and their mode of spread.
Unit 3 describes the National Immunization Schedule and frequently asked questions regarding vaccines administered to infants and children
Unit 4 covers management of the cold chain and vaccine storage.
Unit 5 explains managing an immunization session, including preparation, communication, assessment and vaccination techniques.
Unit 6 explains the safe practices for administering injections.
Unit 7 outlines steps for managing an immunization session.
Unit 8 details adverse events following immunization (AEFI).
Unit 9 covers records, reports and disease surveillance procedures for action.
Unit 10 describes partnering with communities to increase immunization coverage.
Unit 11 covers disease surveillance and reporting procedures.
Unit 12 covers vaccine-preventable disease surveillance in detail and includes case definitions and reporting approaches.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various factors affecting immunization coverage. This quiz covers issues like service availability, tracking children, and the roles of supervisors in immunization efforts. Understand the implications of low coverage and how to address specific challenges in immunization activities.