Immunization and Vaccination Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended dosage schedule for the DPT Booster-2 vaccine?

0.5 ml at 5 years and every 6 months thereafter

2 ml at 5 years, then 0.5 ml at 7 years and 16 years

0.5 ml at 5-6 years and another dose at 10 and 16 years (correct)

0.5 ml at 5 years and another dose at 10 years

Why is it important to maintain a minimum gap of 4 weeks between doses of most vaccines?

To allow the body to recover from any side effects of the vaccine

To prevent allergic reactions to the vaccine

To ensure proper processing of the vaccine in the body

To enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine and ensure adequate antibody production (correct)

Which vaccine is being introduced in phases to replace the measles vaccine in the UIP schedule?

DPT vaccine

HepB vaccine

HPV vaccine

MR vaccine (correct)

What should be done if the first dose of the JE vaccine is delayed beyond 12 months?

Ensure a minimum 3 months gap before the second dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering vaccines at specific sites on the body?

To create a uniform vaccination record and facilitate verification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of immunization as stated in the content?

To make individuals resistant to infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the impact of immunization on public health?

Immunization is estimated to prevent 2 to 3 million deaths annually Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a characteristic of effective immunization programs?

They can be effectively delivered through outreach activities Signup and view all the answers

What role do health workers play in immunization according to the learning objectives?

They help identify reasons for low immunization coverage Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the accessibility of immunization according to the content?

Immunization is accessible to even the most vulnerable groups Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the significance of the handbook mentioned in the content?

It provides comprehensive guidance on immunization activities and technical aspects Signup and view all the answers

What defines the target group for immunization programs?

Clearly defined groups including children and pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What bacterium causes Tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Hepatitis B?

Acute jaundice Signup and view all the answers

How can Hepatitis B be transmitted?

Contact with infected blood or body fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of preventing serious forms of childhood Tuberculosis?

Vaccination with BCG Signup and view all the answers

What complication can result from Hepatitis B infection?

Cirrhosis of the liver Signup and view all the answers

How is Tuberculosis primarily spread among individuals?

Person to person via airborne transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most at risk for developing chronic Hepatitis B?

Infants infected at birth Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor in the transmission of Tuberculosis?

Crowded living conditions Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically associated with Tuberculosis?

Severe diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What type of tuberculosis may be contracted from consuming raw milk?

Bovine tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial requirement for transporting vaccines to the immunization session site?

Vaccines must be carried in a vaccine carrier with 4 conditioned ice packs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest time pregnant women should receive the first TT vaccine?

As early as possible in pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended when handling the vaccine carrier?

Frequently checking the vaccines inside the carrier. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to check on the vaccine vials before use?

The label for expiry date and VVM. Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine dose is administered at birth to infants?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

What are the requirements for an infant to receive the full immunization before age one?

3 doses of OPV, 3 doses of Rotavirus, and 1 dose of MR Signup and view all the answers

Prior to administering vaccines, which assessment is necessary?

Assessing infants for vaccination and possible contraindications. Signup and view all the answers

During the immunization session, how should vaccines be prepared?

Using aseptic technique to prepare and reconstitute vaccines. Signup and view all the answers

When should the second dose of the MR vaccine be given to infants?

Between 1 year and 2 years Signup and view all the answers

After administering vaccines using Open Vial Policy, how should opened vials be stored?

Stored based on Open Vial Policy guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

At what age should the infants receive the first dose of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)?

At 6 weeks and then a booster at 1 year Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of information is crucial to communicate to caregivers during the vaccination session?

The correct positioning for the child during vaccination. Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for the OPV vaccine?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate site for administering the fractional IPV?

Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh (Right) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the used vaccine vials after the immunization session?

Packed separately with session site name and date. Signup and view all the answers

When preparing for a vaccination session, which step is NOT necessary?

Convening a meeting to discuss irrelevant topics. Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the 1st dose of Rotavirus vaccine given?

At 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is administered to infants as part of the complete immunization before age two?

DPT booster Signup and view all the answers

What is the age maximum for the administration of OPV doses?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunization Handbook for Health Workers 2018

This handbook is a resource for health workers focused on immunization programs in India
It was published in 2018 by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
The handbook aims to improve the knowledge and skills of health workers on immunization topics.
It provides guidelines and current updates for health workers in the immunization program, and is intended to be used as a reference guide for training and practice.

Message from the Secretary

The Secretary acknowledges the dedication of health workers in implementing the immunization program across India.
Their efforts are vital in improving health indicators by reaching children in remote and urban areas.
The goal is full immunization of all children and pregnant women.
The book aims to help health workers in continuous learning and improvement of skills.

Foreword

The handbook is released to support the Universal Immunization Program.
Its aim is to strengthen the routine immunization system to enhance coverage.
The manual provides valuable knowledge and guidance and is meant for both new and seasoned immunisation staff.
The handbook was developed as a result of cooperation between multiple agencies and departments to provide practical tools and up-to-date knowledge for field staff.

Preface

The handbook is intended to provide guidance and confidence to health workers in the immunization program.
The benefits of immunizations include preventing disease and disability.
The handbook has been rigorously reviewed to incorporate training materials and suggestions from field staff and medical officers.
The handbook focuses on practice and examples that are applicable to the field.

The handbook contains 12 sections providing a wide range of information (listed in the Table of Contents)
These chapters (or units) cover topics ranging from introduction and roles of health workers to managing immunization sessions, Adverse Events, record-keeping and using data for action.

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Description

Test your knowledge on immunization protocols and vaccination schedules with this quiz. Learn about the importance of maintaining gaps between doses and the role of health workers in effective immunization programs. Answer questions related to specific vaccines and their impact on public health.