Immunity Types

What is the primary mechanism by which artificial passive immunity provides protection against infection?

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of cytokines and activation of macrophages and neutrophils?

What is the primary function of CD4+ T cells in the immune response?

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies and activation of complement?

What is the primary function of TLR4 in the immune response?

Which type of immune cell is primarily involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens?

What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune response?

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of type I interferons?

What is the primary function of MHC class II molecules in the immune response?

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of immunoglobulins?

Immunity

Natural active immunity occurs when an individual recovers from an infection, such as chickenpox.
Artificial passive immunity involves the administration of antibodies from an immune individual.

Acquired Immunity

Acquired immunity is characterized by specificity and memory.
It involves a specific immune response mounted by the immune system against a particular pathogen.
Memory B cells and T cells are primarily involved in the secondary immune response.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

CD8+ T cells recognize peptides presented by MHC I class molecules.
Regulatory T cells (Treg) limit or prevent immune responses.
Naive lymphocytes are functionally inactive but able to recognize antigens.

Antigen Presentation

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes.
Lymph nodes concentrate antigens, APCs, and lymphocytes, facilitating the immune response.

Innate Immunity

The innate immune system initiates a non-specific and rapid immune response.
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important for the recognition of microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
M1 macrophages initiate pro-inflammatory responses.

Cytokines

IL-12 is primarily involved in the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells.

Leukocyte Trafficking

Selectins facilitate the initial weak binding and rolling of neutrophils on endothelial surfaces.

Immune Response

Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to microbial destruction within phagosomes.
Opsonins include IgG and C3b, which facilitate phagocytosis.

Test your knowledge of natural active immunity and artificial passive immunity with these multiple-choice questions. Learn about the differences between these two types of immunity and how they are acquired.