Immunity in the Human Body
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Questions and Answers

What role do helper T cells play in the immune response?

  • They create antibodies against antigens.
  • They directly attack invading pathogens.
  • They produce memory T cells.
  • They stimulate the production of B cells. (correct)

    • What is the primary function of memory B cells?

  • To destroy pathogens directly.
  • To remember antigens for future encounters. (correct)
  • To produce macrophages.
  • To stimulate T cells.

    • Which of the following accurately describes natural immunity?

  • Immunity passed from mother to child through breast milk. (correct)
  • Immunity developed through vaccination.
  • Immunity formed in a laboratory setting.
  • Immunity acquired after an infection.

    • How do vaccines contribute to immunity?

    <p>By introducing harmless antigens to stimulate antibody production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between antigens and antibodies?

    <p>Antigens trigger an immune response, while antibodies neutralize pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary barriers in the immune system that help prevent pathogen entry?

    <p>Tears, mucous membranes, and skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the first few months of a baby's life regarding their immune system?

    <p>The baby's own immune system starts to actively fight pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do killer T cells have in the immune system?

    <p>They attach to and destroy invading pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for directly attacking cancer cells and viruses?

    <p>NK cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?

    <p>Attach to antigens to neutralize them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are T cells activated in the immune response?

    <p>By recognizing antigens presented by other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in the lymphatic system?

    <p>Surround and destroy foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes antigens?

    <p>They are substances that initiate an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between natural immunity and acquired immunity?

    <p>Natural immunity is developed after exposure to pathogens, whereas acquired immunity is a result of immunization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the thymus play in the immune system?

    <p>Maturation of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the body first encounters an antigen?

    <p>Lymphocytes do not react initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of white blood cells in the nonspecific immune response?

    <p>To destroy the pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the specific immune response is true?

    <p>It is customized to target specific pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the body temperature as part of the immune response to infection?

    <p>It increases to make it difficult for pathogens to multiply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for memory in the immune system?

    <p>Both B cells and T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interferon in the immune response?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body recognize previously encountered pathogens?

    <p>By maintaining memory cells from past immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in the immune system?

    <p>They engulf and destroy pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes natural immunity from acquired immunity?

    <p>Acquired immunity is specifically triggered by exposure to pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes B cell function?

    <p>B cells produce antibodies to neutralize specific pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a fever during infection?

    <p>It promotes a more hostile environment for pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of T cells in the immune response?

    <p>To directly attack infected cells and coordinate the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibodies differ from antigens?

    <p>Antigens are proteins that trigger the immune response, while antibodies are proteins that help neutralize pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between natural and acquired immunity?

    <p>Natural immunity is the body's first defense against pathogens, while acquired immunity develops after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in the immune system?

    <p>They engulf and digest pathogens, helping to initiate the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are B cells activated in the immune response?

    <p>Through interaction with antigens and T helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunity Overview

    • Memory B cells and T cells remember pathogens for faster response upon re-exposure.
    • T cells are classified into helper cells, which activate B cells, and killer cells, which destroy pathogens.
    • Natural immunity protects against certain pathogens unique to specific species; humans are not affected by animal pathogens and vice versa.

    Barriers to Infection

    • Physical barriers include skin, tears, mucous membranes, saliva, and stomach acid, which prevent pathogen entry.
    • Skin acts as a protective wall, producing salty sweat that repels most pathogens.
    • Tears and saliva contain chemicals that kill certain microorganisms, aiding defensive measures.
    • Mucous membranes trap and destroy pathogens and line moist body areas like the mouth and nose.

    Immune System Function

    • Babies inherit antibodies from mothers at birth and through breastfeeding, enhancing early immunity.
    • The immune system creates memory B and T cells upon first exposure to antigens, allowing for quicker future responses.
    • Vaccines introduce antigens to stimulate antibody production and build immunity without causing disease.

    Lymphatic System Role

    • The lymphatic system is crucial in defending the body and contains lymph fluid that circulates and fights pathogens.
    • Three types of lymphocytes are central to immunity: B cells (produced in bone marrow), T cells (produced in the thymus), and NK (natural killer) cells, which target cancer and viruses.
    • Macrophages in the lymph destroy foreign substances and eliminate waste.

    Antigens and Antibodies

    • Antigens are substances that provoke an immune response, while antibodies are proteins created to bind to and neutralize these antigens.
    • Lymphocytes, activated upon recognizing pathogens' antigens, initiate a tailored immune response to eliminate threats.

    Immune Responses

    • Nonspecific immune response occurs initially, reacting the same way to any foreign substance, often leading to inflammation and increased blood flow to the affected area.
    • Specific immune responses arise if pathogens bypass initial defenses, providing customized attacks against recognized invaders.
    • Previous encounters with pathogens allow for a faster and more efficient immune response during re-exposure.

    Pathogen Management

    • Fever is a physiological response that elevates body temperature, hindering pathogen multiplication and enhancing white blood cell activity.
    • The immune system remains vigilant, recognizing and responding more efficiently to previously encountered pathogens, enhancing overall immunity.

    Major Barriers Summary

    • Five primary barriers against pathogens: skin, tears, saliva, mucous membranes, and stomach acid.
    • These barriers serve as the first line of defense in preventing pathogen entry and reducing infection risk.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 18 Lesson 2 - Textbook PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of immunity in your body, including the roles of memory B cells, memory T cells, helper cells, and killer cells. This quiz will test your understanding of how these cells work together to protect against pathogens. Learn about the different types of immunity and their significance in health.

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