72 Questions
What type of immunity involves specific defenses developed after exposure to pathogens?
Acquired Immunity
Which of the following is not a physical barrier in plant immunity?
Mucous Membranes
What do plants produce to fortify unaffected cells after a pathogen bypasses physical defenses?
Salicylic Acid
Which type of immunity includes non-specific defenses like skin and mucous membranes?
Innate Immunity
What is the main function of antibiotics in relation to microorganisms?
Inhibit or Destroy Bacteria
What leads to the development of resistant bacteria strains against antibiotics?
Misuse and Incomplete Courses of Antibiotics
Which immune system tier in plants involves the production of compounds like salicylic acid?
Chemical Responses
What immune response initiates antibody production and memory cell formation in animals?
Acquired Immunity
Which component is NOT involved in animal innate immunity?
Lymphocytes
What is the primary function of vaccines?
To stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies without causing disease
Which biotechnological advance allows the production of human insulin?
Recombinant DNA technology
What is the source of many antibiotics?
Penicillium molds
What is the primary organism responsible for fermentation in beer production?
Yeasts
What is the main function of yeast fermentation in bread production?
To produce carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise
What is the primary microorganism responsible for cheese production?
Bacteria
What is the process that enhances the shelf life and flavor of maas?
Bacterial fermentation
What is the main purpose of vaccinations?
To prevent infectious diseases
What is the primary effect of herd immunity?
It prevents the spread of infectious diseases
Which process involves the fermentation of sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide in the production of beer?
Fermentation
How does the production of cheese primarily involve bacterial fermentation?
Production of acids
What technology allows for the extraction and purification of medicinal compounds like penicillin from Penicillium molds?
Fermentation technology
In what way does insulin production using modified E.coli or yeast benefit diabetes management?
Regulating blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of microbial fermentation in producing maas (fermented milk)?
Improving texture
What role does yeast fermentation play in wine production from grapes?
Enhancing aroma
How do vaccines stimulate the immune system without causing disease?
By activating antibody production
What is the key impact of vaccinations on infectious diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella?
Preventing outbreaks
How do antibiotics derived from Penicillium molds primarily help in healthcare?
Fighting bacterial infections
Which of the following is NOT a component of plant immunity?
Acquired immunity
Which of the following is NOT a target of antibiotics in microorganisms?
Viral DNA
What is the primary difference between innate and acquired immunity in animals?
Innate immunity is non-specific, while acquired immunity is specific
Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier in plant immunity?
Salicylic acid
What is the primary mechanism by which antibiotics inhibit or destroy bacteria?
Targeting bacterial cell walls, membranes, or protein synthesis
Which of the following is a common issue resulting from misuse and incomplete courses of antibiotics?
Decreased effectiveness of antibiotics
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in animal immunity?
Responding to pathogens through antibody production and memory cell formation
Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity in animals?
Specific defenses
What is the primary function of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
Signal and fortify unaffected cells
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in animal immunity?
Responding to pathogens through antibody production
Which component is NOT involved in animal innate immunity?
Antibody production
What is the key impact of vaccinations on infectious diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella?
Preventing disease outbreaks
Which of the following is NOT a component of plant immunity?
Antibody production
How do antibiotics derived from Penicillium molds primarily help in healthcare?
Inhibiting or destroying bacteria
What is the primary function of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
Signaling and fortifying unaffected cells
In what way does insulin production using modified E.coli or yeast benefit diabetes management?
Regulating blood sugar levels
What is the source of many antibiotics?
Plants and microorganisms
What leads to the development of resistant bacteria strains against antibiotics?
Misuse and incomplete antibiotic courses
Which microorganism is not involved in the production of a food or beverage mentioned in the text?
Penicillium molds
Which of the following is not a process involving microorganisms in medicine production?
Blood transfusion
Which process is not involved in plant immunity?
Development of resistant strains
What is the primary function of yeast fermentation in dairy products production?
Thickening of milk
Which of the following is not a benefit of herd immunity?
Elimination of infectious diseases
Which microorganism is not involved in the production of a medicine mentioned in the text?
Lactic acid bacteria
Which of the following is not a component of plant immune response?
Development of acquired immunity
Which of the following is not a benefit of vaccinations?
Elimination of all infectious diseases
What is the primary role of microorganisms in fermentation processes?
Break down complex molecules into simpler ones
What is the primary role of lactic acid bacteria in cheese production?
Curdling milk proteins to form cheese
How does yeast fermentation contribute to the texture and flavor of bread?
Producing carbon dioxide for rising
Which of the following is a common application of microbial fermentation in food production?
Altering food texture
What is the main impact of insulin production using modified E.coli or yeast in diabetes management?
Supporting glucose metabolism
Which function does recombinant DNA technology serve in insulin production?
Facilitating human insulin production
How do vaccinations primarily prevent infectious diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella?
Providing individual and herd immunity
What is the key function of antibiotics derived from Penicillium molds in healthcare?
Inhibiting or destroying bacteria
Which of the following is a significant impact of vaccinations on public health?
Reducing infectious disease prevalence
How do alcoholic beverages like beer and wine obtain their alcohol content?
Fermentation of grain or grape sugars
What is the primary difference in the immune response between plants and animals?
Plants have a two-tiered immune system composed of physical barriers and chemical responses, while animals have innate and acquired immunity.
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of misusing or incompletely taking antibiotics?
An improvement in the efficacy of antibiotics for future use.
Which of the following does NOT describe the role of lymphocytes in animal immunity?
Lymphocytes are a component of physical barriers that prevent pathogen entry.
Which of the following is NOT a target of antibiotics in microorganisms?
Flagella.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the development of resistant bacteria strains against antibiotics?
Expensive antibiotics that are not affordable for patients.
Which of the following does NOT describe the production of salicylic acid in plant immunity?
Salicylic acid production prevents pathogens from bypassing physical defenses.
Which of the following is NOT a common issue resulting from misuse and incomplete courses of antibiotics?
An improvement in the efficacy of antibiotics for future use.
Which of the following does NOT describe the process of acquired immunity in animals?
Acquired immunity is a component of innate (natural) immunity in animals.
Which of the following is NOT a way in which antibiotics derived from Penicillium molds primarily help in healthcare?
By reducing the symptoms of viral infections.
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