Immunity and Infectious Diseases Overview

<p>Inducing anti-viral effects within infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying virus-infected cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By encoding IFN-α and β receptor homologs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is primarily spread through mosquito bites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli Nissle 1917 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly kill bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokine production by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances the ability of phagocytes to engulf bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocking bacterial toxins by specific antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They kill infected cells that harbor intracellular bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis by macrophages and cell-mediated response by T cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily by antibody-mediated response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer (NK) cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to mast cells and eosinophils, leading to degranulation and parasite killing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They kill fungi through phagocytosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is limited research on the adaptive immune response to fungi compared to other pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both innate and adaptive immune systems play significant roles in defending against fungal infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vaccine triggers the production of antibodies against the virus, preventing infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly killing cells infected with the virus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiviral drugs target a limited number of viral proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IFN inhibits viral replication in infected cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NK cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying virus-infected cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the immune system to recognize and clear the pathogen faster during subsequent exposures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first line of defense with physical barriers and immune responses.

Immunity that develops over time and targets specific pathogens.

The ability to remember past infections and respond quickly to re-infection.

An antibody that blocks the infectivity of pathogens like viruses.

T cells that kill cancer cells and cells infected by viruses.

Cells that destroy infected or cancerous body cells.

Proteins produced by cells in response to infections, helping to fight viruses.

A mechanism where immune cells kill targets coated with antibodies.

A response to injury that can increase blood flow and immune activity at the site.

A virus that can cause cancer.

Natural Killer cells that lyse virus-infected cells without prior sensitization.

An adaptive immune response involving antibodies neutralizing free viruses and ADCC.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, where immune cells kill infected cells tagged by antibodies.

Strategies used by viruses to escape detection and destruction by the immune system.

The process of showing viral fragments on MHC class I molecules to activate CTLs.

A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to millions of cases and deaths annually.

A gut bacterium that is mostly harmless but some strains, like O157:H7, can cause severe food poisoning.

Immediate, non-specific immune response against pathogens through barriers like skin and antimicrobial peptides.

The process by which cells engulf and digest pathogens, important for innate immunity.

A specific immune response that develops over time, involving antibodies and T-cells.

Bacteria with a thick cell wall that are resistant to certain immune responses like complement lysis.

A mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium, leading to millions of cases and deaths globally.

An antibody associated with allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

An opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, common in immunocompromised individuals.

The process where pathogens are marked for destruction by antibodies or complement proteins.

A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytes to clear pathogens.

Phagocytosis enhanced by antibodies that mark pathogens for destruction.