L-17 Immunity: Active vs Passive

<p>Vaccination against measles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no involvement of the recipient's B and T lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive artificial immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals exposed to the venom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing rejection by providing antibodies targeting human T cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventative measure after a confirmed exposure in an unvaccinated individual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can produce a stronger and more natural immune response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may cause an inflammatory response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist of a mix of human and non-human viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may revert to a pathogenic form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inactivated vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can include toxoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polio (IPV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugate vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan Encephalitis Virus vaccine is an example. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humoral response only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause disease in these individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be translated into protein and presented to T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WHO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information about potential adverse effects and who should receive the vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anyone, including caregivers and parents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only need to suspect a link to the vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By interrupting disease transmission, reducing the chance of exposure for non-immune individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active immunity results in immunological memory, while passive immunity does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportion of a population that needs to be immune to prevent disease spread effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IM vaccines stimulate the immune system more effectively due to antigen precipitation and uptake by dendritic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many antigens in oral vaccines are destroyed by stomach acidity before they can stimulate an immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average number of people likely to be infected by one infected individual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The $R_0$ value of the pathogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural active immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen, while artificial active immunity is acquired through vaccination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to and neutralizes the bacterial toxin produced by <em>C. difficile</em>. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate an immune response that closely resembles the response to a natural infection, including appropriate antibodies and memory cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates a mucosal immune response with SIgA antibodies in the respiratory tract, appropriate for influenza. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of long-term immunological memory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance the immune response to the vaccine antigen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in replicating the complex structure of natural antibodies or binding agents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for efficient antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by dendritic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immunity developed through the body's own response to pathogens, often via vaccines or infections.

Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from another source, providing immediate but temporary protection.

When a large percentage of a population is immune to a disease, protecting those who are not immune.

The process of introducing a vaccine to stimulate an immune response for protection against disease.

R0 is the basic reproduction number; the threshold shows the percentage of immunity needed to prevent disease spread.

Serum pooled from individuals previously exposed to a pathogen, containing antibodies for immunity.

Serum from individuals with high levels of specific antibodies, typically after recent exposure to an infection.

Intravenous immunoglobulin, a treatment containing primarily IgG antibodies pooled from healthy donors.

An immunoglobulin given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent Rh incompatibility during pregnancy.

Uses dead or inactivated pathogens or parts of them to stimulate an immune response.

Modified organisms that can multiply but are non-pathogenic, mimicking natural infection.

Contain live pathogens, allowing longer exposure and mimicking infections to build immunity.

Immune response that involves the activation of immune cells rather than antibodies.

Combines genes from human pathogens with non-pathogenic organisms for immunization.

Dendritic cells take up mRNA to translate it into protein and activate T cells.

MHC molecules present processed proteins to T cells for activation and memory cell formation.

B cells also process mRNA, presenting proteins to TH cells for memory B cell production.

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, tracking vaccine safety post-immunization.

Vaccines using the entire killed pathogen.

Vaccine containing parts of the pathogen's proteins.

Vaccine made from inactivated toxins of bacteria.

Contains specific proteins from a pathogen, not whole organisms.

Links poorly immunogenic part of pathogen to a protein.

Uses pure polysaccharides, but weak immunity in kids under 2.

Contains DNA that codes for pathogen proteins; replicates in bacteria.

Uses mRNA that instructs the body to make a protein for immunity.

Offers humoral response, may need multiple doses, safe for immunocompromised.

A medication that binds to neutralize the bacterial toxin in C. difficile infections.

Immunity obtained from antibodies collected from another organism, like horses or ophiophagous birds.

Man-made antibodies intended to neutralize specific toxins, but not yet successful.

Immunity gained from actual disease exposure through infection.

Immunity gained from vaccines or intentional exposure to an antigen.

Basic reproduction number indicating how many people one infected person will likely infect.

Percentage of the population that needs to be immune to interrupt disease transmission.

Measles has an R0 of 12-18 and requires approximately 95% immunity for herd immunity.

Vaccines should mimic natural pathogens and stimulate a similar immune response safely.

Vaccines taken by mouth, often less effective due to stomach acidity.

Administered through the nose, promoting a local immune response.

Intramuscular vaccines are effective due to better antigen uptake and immune response.

Intravenous vaccines are less effective as antigens are cleared rapidly from the body.