Lecture 9: B cells

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Questions and Answers

Where does T cell development primarily occur?

  • Thymus (correct)
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Liver

What are the initial cells known as when they enter the thymus from the bone marrow?

  • Double positive cells
  • Natural killer cells
  • Double negative cells (correct)
  • Single positive cells

Which type of cells initially express both CD4 and CD8 during T cell development?

  • Double positive cells (correct)
  • Single positive cells
  • Double negative cells
  • Natural killer cells

Where does the final maturation of T cells occur?

<p>Medulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tolerance in T cell development?

<p>Avoid self-reactive recognition molecules/cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of selection occurs first during T cell development?

<p>Positive selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organ is responsible for the initial development of T cells before they migrate to the thymus?

<p>Bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells do not express CD4 or CD8 when they first enter the thymus?

<p>Double negative cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the self-reactive recognition molecules/cells that tolerance helps to prevent from circulating in the bloodstream during T cell development?

<p>T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thymus do developing T cells transition to after expressing both CD4 and CD8?

<p>Medulla (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where a potentially autoreactive B cell can recombine its elements to make it less reactive?

<p>Receptor editing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tolerance do mechanisms involve the induction of immune tolerance in primary lymphoid organs like bone marrow and thymus?

<p>Central tolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of autoimmunity involves predominant injury of an organ or tissue?

<p>Organ-specific autoimmunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common outcome for B cells that are still self-reactive after undergoing receptor editing?

<p>They will have new specificity and be non-autoreactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about B-cell developmental pathways compared to T-cell pathways?

<p>B cells use positive and negative screening processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for T cells after antigen receptor stimulation?

<p>Differentiation into helper or killer subsets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does peripheral tolerance induce tolerance outside primary lymphoid organs?

<p>Spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of positive selection in thymocytes?

<p>To select thymocytes capable of binding self-MHC, leading to MHC restriction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) in negative selection (central tolerance)?

<p>Induces expression of tissue-specific proteins in thymic epithelial cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during clonal deletion in negative selection?

<p>Autoreactive T cells undergo apoptosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type helps maintain peripheral tolerance for T cells?

<p>Regulatory T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow?

<p>Testing BCRs against self-antigens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is associated with receptor editing in B cell development?

<p>Reactivation of recombination machinery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do mature B cells migrate to lymphoid follicles?

<p>For further maturation and negative selection to occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does AIRE play in the thymus during central tolerance?

<p>Induces expression of tissue-specific proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of positive selection in thymocytes?

<p>To allow for the survival of thymocytes that recognize self-MHC, leading to MHC restriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to autoreactive B cells that are strongly self-reactive?

<p>They undergo clonal deletion through apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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