27 Questions
Where does T cell development primarily occur?
Thymus
What are the initial cells known as when they enter the thymus from the bone marrow?
Double negative cells
Which type of cells initially express both CD4 and CD8 during T cell development?
Double positive cells
Where does the final maturation of T cells occur?
Medulla
What is the role of tolerance in T cell development?
Avoid self-reactive recognition molecules/cells
Which type of selection occurs first during T cell development?
Positive selection
What organ is responsible for the initial development of T cells before they migrate to the thymus?
Bone marrow
Which type of cells do not express CD4 or CD8 when they first enter the thymus?
Double negative cells
What are the self-reactive recognition molecules/cells that tolerance helps to prevent from circulating in the bloodstream during T cell development?
T cells
Which part of the thymus do developing T cells transition to after expressing both CD4 and CD8?
Medulla
What is the process where a potentially autoreactive B cell can recombine its elements to make it less reactive?
Receptor editing
In which type of tolerance do mechanisms involve the induction of immune tolerance in primary lymphoid organs like bone marrow and thymus?
Central tolerance
Which type of autoimmunity involves predominant injury of an organ or tissue?
Organ-specific autoimmunity
What is the common outcome for B cells that are still self-reactive after undergoing receptor editing?
They will have new specificity and be non-autoreactive.
Which of the following is true about B-cell developmental pathways compared to T-cell pathways?
B cells use positive and negative screening processes.
What is the outcome for T cells after antigen receptor stimulation?
Differentiation into helper or killer subsets.
Where does peripheral tolerance induce tolerance outside primary lymphoid organs?
Spleen
What is the main purpose of positive selection in thymocytes?
To select thymocytes capable of binding self-MHC, leading to MHC restriction.
What is the role of Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) in negative selection (central tolerance)?
Induces expression of tissue-specific proteins in thymic epithelial cells.
What happens during clonal deletion in negative selection?
Autoreactive T cells undergo apoptosis.
Which cell type helps maintain peripheral tolerance for T cells?
Regulatory T cells
What is the primary focus of negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow?
Testing BCRs against self-antigens.
Which outcome is associated with receptor editing in B cell development?
Reactivation of recombination machinery
Why do mature B cells migrate to lymphoid follicles?
For further maturation and negative selection to occur.
What role does AIRE play in the thymus during central tolerance?
Induces expression of tissue-specific proteins
What is the primary purpose of positive selection in thymocytes?
To allow for the survival of thymocytes that recognize self-MHC, leading to MHC restriction
What happens to autoreactive B cells that are strongly self-reactive?
They undergo clonal deletion through apoptosis
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