Questions and Answers
What is unique about the membrane-bound antibodies on a specific B cell?
What is required for a B cell to get activated?
What happens to the pathogen once it binds to the membrane-bound antibody on a B cell?
What role do B cells play in addition to being antigen-presenting cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true about the variable portion of the T cell receptor on a helper T cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the MHC II complex on a B cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What can activated B cells differentiate into?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are B cells able to respond to different antigens or pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of effector B cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the common term for effector B cells that produce antibodies?
Signup and view all the answers
What do antibodies produced by effector B cells do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of CD4 positive T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What do CD8 proteins on T cells bind to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of CD8 positive T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do memory cells stick around for a long time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between CD4 and CD8 positive T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to understand the different types of T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of CD8 cells in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of complex is presented by dendritic cells to activate helper T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of effector helper T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells do CD8 cells target and eliminate from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of cytokines released by effector helper T cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of MHC I complex in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells produce antibodies against pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells are professional antigen-presenting cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of helper T cells in the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
B Cells
- Each B cell has its own specific membrane-bound antibodies with a variable portion, allowing it to respond to different antigens or pathogens
- When a B cell gets activated, it needs binding of a pathogen to its membrane-bound antibodies and sometimes stimulation by a T cell
- B cells are also antigen-presenting cells, which means they can suck in an antigen, break it down, and present it on an MHC II complex to activate a helper T cell
- Once activated, B cells differentiate into effector cells and memory cells
- Effector B cells (also known as plasma cells) produce antibodies that can bind to antigens and tag them for pickup by macrophages or other phagocytes
- Memory B cells stick around longer, making the response faster in case of future infections
T Cells
- There are two main types of T cells: CD4 positive (helper) and CD8 positive (cytotoxic)
- CD4 positive T cells have CD4 proteins and are usually helper T cells, binding to MHC II complexes
- CD8 positive T cells have CD8 proteins and are usually cytotoxic, binding to MHC I complexes
- Helper T cells release cytokines, which are alarm bells that tell other immune cells to get in gear
- Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells or cancer cells that express antigens on their MHC I complexes
- Once activated, both helper and cytotoxic T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells
- Effector T cells perform their respective functions (releasing cytokines or killing cells), while memory T cells stick around, ready to respond faster in case of future infections
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Summary of the immune system, covering the roles of different cells and their interactions. Focuses on B cells and their membrane-bound antibodies.