Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is unique about the membrane-bound antibodies on a specific B cell?
What is unique about the membrane-bound antibodies on a specific B cell?
- They have a variable portion that differs from other B cells (correct)
- They are only specific to a single antigen
- They are all identical
- They are only found on the surface of activated B cells
What is required for a B cell to get activated?
What is required for a B cell to get activated?
- Binding of the pathogen to the membrane-bound antibody and stimulation by a T cell (correct)
- Binding of the pathogen to an MHC II complex
- Only stimulation by a T cell
- Only binding of the pathogen to the membrane-bound antibody
What happens to the pathogen once it binds to the membrane-bound antibody on a B cell?
What happens to the pathogen once it binds to the membrane-bound antibody on a B cell?
- It is sucked in, broken down, and presented on an MHC II complex (correct)
- It is immediately destroyed by the B cell
- It is stored in the B cell for later use
- It is released back into the system
What role do B cells play in addition to being antigen-presenting cells?
What role do B cells play in addition to being antigen-presenting cells?
What is true about the variable portion of the T cell receptor on a helper T cell?
What is true about the variable portion of the T cell receptor on a helper T cell?
What is the function of the MHC II complex on a B cell?
What is the function of the MHC II complex on a B cell?
What can activated B cells differentiate into?
What can activated B cells differentiate into?
Why are B cells able to respond to different antigens or pathogens?
Why are B cells able to respond to different antigens or pathogens?
What is the primary function of effector B cells?
What is the primary function of effector B cells?
What is the common term for effector B cells that produce antibodies?
What is the common term for effector B cells that produce antibodies?
What do antibodies produced by effector B cells do?
What do antibodies produced by effector B cells do?
What is the primary function of CD4 positive T cells?
What is the primary function of CD4 positive T cells?
What do CD8 proteins on T cells bind to?
What do CD8 proteins on T cells bind to?
What is the primary function of CD8 positive T cells?
What is the primary function of CD8 positive T cells?
Why do memory cells stick around for a long time?
Why do memory cells stick around for a long time?
What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?
What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?
What is the difference between CD4 and CD8 positive T cells?
What is the difference between CD4 and CD8 positive T cells?
Why is it important to understand the different types of T cells?
Why is it important to understand the different types of T cells?
What is the role of CD8 cells in the immune system?
What is the role of CD8 cells in the immune system?
What type of complex is presented by dendritic cells to activate helper T cells?
What type of complex is presented by dendritic cells to activate helper T cells?
What is the primary function of effector helper T cells?
What is the primary function of effector helper T cells?
What type of cells do CD8 cells target and eliminate from the body?
What type of cells do CD8 cells target and eliminate from the body?
What is the primary function of cytokines released by effector helper T cells?
What is the primary function of cytokines released by effector helper T cells?
What is the role of MHC I complex in the immune system?
What is the role of MHC I complex in the immune system?
What type of cells produce antibodies against pathogens?
What type of cells produce antibodies against pathogens?
What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
What type of cells are professional antigen-presenting cells?
What type of cells are professional antigen-presenting cells?
What is the role of helper T cells in the immune system?
What is the role of helper T cells in the immune system?
Study Notes
B Cells
- Each B cell has its own specific membrane-bound antibodies with a variable portion, allowing it to respond to different antigens or pathogens
- When a B cell gets activated, it needs binding of a pathogen to its membrane-bound antibodies and sometimes stimulation by a T cell
- B cells are also antigen-presenting cells, which means they can suck in an antigen, break it down, and present it on an MHC II complex to activate a helper T cell
- Once activated, B cells differentiate into effector cells and memory cells
- Effector B cells (also known as plasma cells) produce antibodies that can bind to antigens and tag them for pickup by macrophages or other phagocytes
- Memory B cells stick around longer, making the response faster in case of future infections
T Cells
- There are two main types of T cells: CD4 positive (helper) and CD8 positive (cytotoxic)
- CD4 positive T cells have CD4 proteins and are usually helper T cells, binding to MHC II complexes
- CD8 positive T cells have CD8 proteins and are usually cytotoxic, binding to MHC I complexes
- Helper T cells release cytokines, which are alarm bells that tell other immune cells to get in gear
- Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells or cancer cells that express antigens on their MHC I complexes
- Once activated, both helper and cytotoxic T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells
- Effector T cells perform their respective functions (releasing cytokines or killing cells), while memory T cells stick around, ready to respond faster in case of future infections
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Description
Summary of the immune system, covering the roles of different cells and their interactions. Focuses on B cells and their membrane-bound antibodies.
