Questions and Answers
A virus is ______ than a bacterial cell, and a virus is composed of a _________________.
smaller, nucleic acid within a protein capsid
Dendritic cells of the skin are derived from:
Which cells resemble basophils and are found in connective tissue, close to small blood vessels?
In terms of their chemical structure, cytokines are _______; their function is to serve as _________.
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Cytokines have a _____ half-life and exert influence on ________________.
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When a chemical messenger has a short half-life it means that:
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Interferons are one of the classes of:
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Which class of chemical messenger facilitates white blood cell formation in bone marrow?
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A delayed response to a specific antigen is provided by:
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Nonspecific immunity is another name for:
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A variety of lymphatic cells are involved in the immune response. Which is not part of the process?
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The primary goal of the immune response is:
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Defensins and lysozyme are both part of ________ immunity and function as ___________.
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Which of the following lists the body's first, second, and third lines of defense in order?
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If someone had a cut in their skin through which a bacterium entered, but that bacterium was then destroyed by a neutrophil, this would be an example of:
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Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
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Which type of cell attacks a variety of unwanted cells and causes those cells to undergo apoptosis?
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Often a virus-infected cell will release _________ to prevent the spread of the infection.
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Which is not an action of interferon?
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Study Notes
Viruses and Bacterial Cells
- Viruses are smaller than bacterial cells and consist of nucleic acid within a protein capsid.
Dendritic Cells
- Dendritic cells in the skin originate from monocytes.
Basophil-like Cells
- Mast cells, found in connective tissue near small blood vessels, resemble basophils.
Cytokines
- Cytokines are proteins that function as chemical messengers within the immune system.
- They possess a short half-life and influence both immune and non-immune cells.
Interferons
- Interferons are classified under cytokines and play a role in the immune response.
White Blood Cell Formation
- Colony-stimulating factors facilitate the formation of white blood cells in the bone marrow.
Immunity Types
- Adaptive immunity provides a delayed response to specific antigens.
- Nonspecific immunity is equivalent to innate immunity, which acts as the body’s first defense.
Immune Response Components
- The immune response involves antibody production, direct attack on foreign agents, and memory cell formation, but does not include replication of antigens.
Goals of the Immune System
- The primary goal is the destruction or inactivation of pathogens and foreign materials.
Defensins and Lysozyme
- Both defensins and lysozyme are part of innate immunity and serve as attackers of pathogenic cells.
Lines of Defense
- The order of the body’s defenses is external innate immunity, internal innate immunity, followed by adaptive immunity.
Neutrophil Response
- A neutrophil destroying a bacterium entering through a skin cut exemplifies successful internal innate immunity.
Multicellular Parasites
- Eosinophils are the most effective cells against multicellular parasites such as tapeworms.
Apoptosis Induction
- Natural killer cells attack unwanted cells, inducing apoptosis.
Viral Infections and Interferons
- Virus-infected cells release interferons to hinder the spread of the infection.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the immune system with these flashcards! This quiz covers key concepts such as the differences between viruses and bacterial cells, as well as the origins of dendritic cells. Perfect for students studying immunology.
