Immune System: Macrophages and Lymphocytes
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Questions and Answers

What type of macrophages are found in the liver?

  • Kupffer cells (correct)
  • Microglial cells
  • Osteocytes
  • Alveolar macrophages
  • Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for secreting antibodies?

  • B lymphocytes (correct)
  • CD4+ T lymphocytes
  • TH2 cells
  • TH1 cells
  • What is the main function of eosinophils in immune reactions?

  • Mediating allergic inflammation (correct)
  • Cytotoxicity against mammalian cells
  • Phagocytosis of bacteria
  • Secreting cytokines
  • Which CD4+ T lymphocyte subset is associated with allergic reactions?

    <p>TH2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do macrophages and lymphocytes interact in chronic inflammation?

    <p>They have a unique reciprocal relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the recruitment of eosinophils during immune reactions?

    <p>Eotaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of macrophage is located in the lungs?

    <p>Alveolar macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in inflammation?

    <p>They promote inflammation and influence its nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative effect of eosinophils during allergic reactions?

    <p>They can cause lysis of mammalian epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macrophages is primarily responsible for immune surveillance in the central nervous system?

    <p>Microglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macrophages in Specific Locations

    • Kupffer Cells located in the liver play a crucial role in filtering blood and immune response.
    • Microglial Cells are the resident macrophages in the Central Nervous System, involved in brain health and repair.
    • Alveolar Macrophages reside in the lungs and are essential for clearing pathogens and debris from alveoli.
    • Sinus Histiocytes are present in spleen and lymph nodes, functioning in the immune system's response to infections.
    • Osteocytes in bone serve as stress sensors and contribute to bone remodeling and immune responses.

    Role of Lymphocytes

    • Lymphocytes are pivotal in driving inflammation in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
    • Activation leads to B lymphocytes transforming into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
    • T lymphocytes, upon activation, secrete cytokines that regulate immune responses.
    • CD4+ T Lymphocytes are instrumental in promoting inflammation and determining the inflammatory reaction type.
    • Subsets of CD4+ T lymphocytes (TH1, TH2, TH17) have specific cytokine profiles and elicit distinct inflammations:
      • TH1 and TH17 Cells defend against bacteria and viruses as well as contribute to autoimmune diseases.
      • TH2 Cells are active against helminthic parasites and in allergic responses.

    Lymphocytes and Macrophages in Chronic Inflammation

    • Lymphocytes and macrophages interact in a bi-directional manner, showcasing their unique reciprocal relationship in chronic inflammation.
    • The collaborative dynamics enhance the immune response and inflammation regulation.

    Eosinophils

    • Eosinophils are primarily involved in IgE-mediated immune reactions and parasitic infections.
    • Recruitment is influenced by eotaxin, a chemokine that primes eosinophils for movement towards the site of infection.
    • Contain Major Basic Protein (MBP), a toxic cationic protein to parasites but harmful to mammalian epithelial cells, leading to tissue damage in allergies.

    Mast Cells (Basophils)

    • Found extensively in connective tissues, mast cells participate in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
    • They express receptors binding to the Fc portion of IgE, crucial for allergic reactions.
    • Degranulation of mast cells results in the release of histamines, mediating inflammatory responses.

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    Description

    Identify the different types of macrophages found in specific locations in the body and their roles in the immune system. Learn about the functions of B and T lymphocytes in adaptive immune responses.

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