Immune System Function and Divisions

Study Notes

Immune System Function

The immune system protects the body from infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Immune System Divisions

The immune system is divided into two main branches: the innate (non-specific) immune system and the acquired (adaptive) immune system.

Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
It is non-specific, meaning it acts against all types of microorganisms.
It includes the following components:
- Mechanical Barriers: Intact skin and mucus membranes prevent pathogen entry.
- Chemical Barriers: Substances like sweat, tears, and stomach acid (HCl) inhibit microbial growth.
- Normal Bacterial Flora: Beneficial bacteria compete with pathogens for resources, space, and receptors, preventing colonization.
- Non-specific Inflammatory Response: Characterized by vasodilation, cell aggregation, leading to symptoms like heat, redness, swelling (edema), and pain.
- Cells of innate immunity: Phagocytic cells engulf and digest invading microorganisms.

Acquired Immune Response

The acquired immune response is developed through previous exposure to specific pathogens.
It provides targeted protection against specific microorganisms.

Description

This quiz focuses on the immune system's function, highlighting its crucial role in protecting the body against infections. It covers the two main branches of the immune system: the innate and acquired immune responses, as well as the components of the innate immunity. Test your knowledge on how these systems work together to defend against various pathogens.