Immune System Drugs

<p>Gastrointestinal bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased effects of Warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostanoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric ulceration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection against myocardial infarction and stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celecoxib (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of nephrotoxic agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grapefruit Juice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension and hypoglycemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low doses primarily modulate glucose metabolism in adrenocortical insufficiency, while high doses suppress inflammation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinning of the skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote retention of sodium and water while increasing urinary excretion of potassium, potentially leading to hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and edema. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By promoting the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease the protein matrix of bone, potentially leading to osteoporosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They possess significantly lower mineralocorticoid activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They primarily work by reducing inflammation at the site of injury, which subsequently diminishes the activation of pain pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin irreversibly acetylates cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in platelets, preventing the formation of thromboxane A2, a potent platelet aggregator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting COX-2 in the brain, which leads to decreased amyloid plaque formation and improved cognitive function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin increases the breakdown of fibrin clots and impairs platelet aggregation, resulting in an increased risk of bleeding during delivery and potentially causing anemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucocorticoids impair the mucosal defense mechanisms in the stomach, and aspirin further reduces prostaglandin synthesis, both contributing to an elevated risk of GI bleeding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sandimmune (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grapefruit Juice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostanoids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection against myocardial infarction and stroke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of inflammation, alleviation of pain, and reduction of fever. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the combined risk of kidney damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated repaglinide levels, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exacerbated hyperglycemia, potentially leading to insulin resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce muscle mass and decrease the protein matrix of bone, impacting both structural integrity and growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension and hypoglycemia, possibly leading to circulatory failure and death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By promoting sodium and water retention while increasing urinary excretion of potassium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most glucocorticoid drugs have very low mineralocorticoid activity, minimizing sodium and water retention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipolysis and redistribution of fat, leading to characteristic features like 'potbelly,' 'moon face,' and 'buffalo hump'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommending a high-protein diet with weight-bearing exercise to mitigate muscle wasting and bone density loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormones secreted by adrenal glands during stress to maintain blood pressure and glucose levels.

Conditions like surgery, trauma, infection prompting glucocorticoid release.

Glands that secrete glucocorticoids and epinephrine in response to stress.

Lack of hormone leads to hypotension and hypoglycemia.

Corticosteroids resembling adrenal cortex steroids, used to modulate glucose and inflammation.

Include high blood glucose, muscle mass reduction, skin thinning, and fat redistribution.

Influences on sodium retention, potassium excretion, causing fluid imbalance.

Elevated sodium levels and low potassium levels caused by glucocorticoid action.

Drugs that can affect cyclosporine levels in the body.

Drugs that can harm the kidneys, especially when combined with cyclosporine.

Grapefruit juice can increase cyclosporine levels, leading to toxicity.

Blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes reduces pain, inflammation, and fever.

Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, treating inflammatory disorders and alleviating pain.

Inhibition can lead to gastric ulceration and bleeding, but also heart protection.

Inhibition is mainly beneficial for reducing inflammation and pain.

Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and prevents platelet aggregation.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for pain relief, such as ibuprofen.

May cause GI issues, bleeding, renal impairment, and tinnitus.

Drug that relieves pain and fever but lacks antiinflammatory properties.

Can interact with anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, and alcohol.

Serious condition linked to Aspirin use in children, causing liver damage.

A nonselective COX inhibitor used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory agent.

Includes gastrointestinal issues, bleeding, renal impairment, and tinnitus.

Aspirin can interact with anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, alcohol, and ibuprofen.

Drugs that suppress inflammation, relieve pain, and reduce fever.

Potential side effects include gastric ulceration, bleeding, and renal impairment.

COX-1 inhibition can cause harmful effects; COX-2 inhibition provides benefits.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain and inflammation.

Inhibition of COX enzymes reduces prostanoids from arachidonic acid.

Grapefruit juice can increase cyclosporine levels, risking toxicity.

Release of glucocorticoids and epinephrine by adrenal glands during stress.

Help maintain blood pressure and glucose levels during stress.

Insufficient glucocorticoids can lead to hypotension and hypoglycemia.

They can promote sodium retention and potassium excretion, mimicking aldosterone.

Elevated sodium levels commonly caused by glucocorticoids.

Low potassium levels that may result from glucocorticoid action.

Corticosteroids encompass glucocorticoids, which mimic adrenal cortex steroids.