Immune System Diversity and Memory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of development for B cells?

  • Bone marrow (correct)
  • Spleen
  • Thymus
  • Peripheral lymphoid organs
  • What is responsible for immunological memory in the immune system?

  • Antigen receptors
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity (correct)
  • Hypermutation
  • Which lymphocytes are activated by their specific interaction with antigens?

  • T cells (correct)
  • Natural killer cells
  • B cells
  • Dendritic cells
  • 16

    <p>16.1 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity adaptive (acquired) immunity – The response mediated by lymphocytes that are activated by their specific interaction with antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitogens increase G1–Cdk activity?

    <p>By activating the MAP kinase cascade and promoting cyclin D gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphocytes are differentiated in the thymus from stem cells of bone marrow origin?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade in mitogenic control of G1–Cdk activity?

    <p>It stimulates cyclin D gene expression and promotes cyclin D–Cdk activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mitogens promoting the assembly of cyclin D–Cdk4 complex?

    <p>Increased G1–Cdk activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does CDK4 contribute to G1–Cdk activity?

    <p>By promoting the assembly of cyclin D–Cdk4 complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does PI3 kinase (PI3K) influence G1–Cdk activity?

    <p>It inhibits GSK3b to suppress cyclin D nuclear export and destruction, enhancing G1–Cdk activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of GSK3b inhibition by mitogens on cyclin D–Cdk activity?

    <p>Suppressed nuclear export and destruction of cyclin D, leading to increased cyclin D–Cdk activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of extracellular mitogens in controlling cell division?

    <p>Stimulating the synthesis of immediate early genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Ras pathway contribute to mitogenic signaling?

    <p>Recruiting and activating the protein kinase Raf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the PI3 kinase pathway in mitogenic signaling?

    <p>Phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TGF-β exert anti-mitogenic actions?

    <p>Repressing expression of MYC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Myc protein in cell division?

    <p>Stimulating the synthesis of immediate early genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do animal cells coordinate cell growth and division?

    <p>By ensuring that division occurs only when growth is sufficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general mechanism for controlling cell growth and division in some animal cells?

    <p>Separate control of growth and division by independent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary treatment used on cultured Schwann cells from rats?

    <p>(growth factor) IGF-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high levels of Myc protein in proliferating cells?

    <p>Stimulation of synthesis of immediate early genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of G1 arrest stimulated by TGF-β?

    <p>Activation of the gene encoding p15INK4b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    B Cell Development and Immunological Memory

    • The primary site of development for B cells is the bone marrow.
    • Immunological memory in the immune system is responsible for remembering and responding to previous infections.

    Lymphocyte Activation and Development

    • Lymphocytes that are activated by their specific interaction with antigens are called antigen-specific lymphocytes.
    • The thymus is responsible for differentiating lymphocytes from stem cells of bone marrow origin.

    Mitogenic Control of G1-Cdk Activity

    • Mitogens increase G1-Cdk activity by promoting the assembly of cyclin D-Cdk4 complex.
    • The consequence of mitogens promoting the assembly of cyclin D-Cdk4 complex is the activation of G1-Cdk activity.
    • CDK4 contributes to G1-Cdk activity by forming a complex with cyclin D.
    • PI3 kinase (PI3K) influences G1-Cdk activity by activating CDK4.
    • The inhibition of GSK3b by mitogens leads to the activation of cyclin D-Cdk activity.
    • The MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a key role in the mitogenic control of G1-Cdk activity.

    Cell Division and Growth

    • The primary role of extracellular mitogens in controlling cell division is to stimulate G1-Cdk activity.
    • The Ras pathway contributes to mitogenic signaling by activating the MAPK cascade.
    • The primary function of the PI3 kinase pathway in mitogenic signaling is to activate CDK4.
    • TGF-β exerts anti-mitogenic actions by stimulating G1 arrest.
    • Myc protein plays a key role in cell division by regulating G1-Cdk activity.
    • Animal cells coordinate cell growth and division by regulating the G1-Cdk activity.
    • A general mechanism for controlling cell growth and division in some animal cells is the regulation of G1-Cdk activity.

    Cell Culture and Treatment

    • Cultured Schwann cells from rats were primarily treated with high levels of Myc protein.
    • The consequence of high levels of Myc protein in proliferating cells is the stimulation of G1-Cdk activity.
    • The outcome of G1 arrest stimulated by TGF-β is the inhibition of cell growth and division.

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    Test your knowledge of the immune system's innate and adaptive elements, B and T lymphocytes, immune diversity, and memory. Learn about antigens, B cells, and the evolution of immunity in multicellular animals.

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