Immune System Components and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

  • Nausea, dizziness, fatigue, fever
  • Loss of appetite, headache, joint pain, chills
  • Redness, heat, swelling, pain (correct)
  • Coughing, sneezing, vomiting, urination

Which type of cells predominate in the early stage of inflammation?

  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Dendritic cells
  • Mast cells
  • Monocytes

What is the most important activator of inflammation?

  • Sweat
  • Tears
  • Mast cells (correct)
  • Earwax

Which system provides a biochemical barrier against invading pathogens?

<p>Plasma protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of bacteria that covers many of the body's surfaces called?

<p>Normal bacteria flora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells connect the innate and adaptive immune responses?

<p>Dendritic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three interactions that are finely regulated to prevent injury to the host tissue and guarantee activation when needed?

<p>Complement system, coagulation system, and plasma protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tissue close to the vessel contain?

<p>Mast cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells predominate as phagocytes in the late inflammatory response?

<p>Monocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is responsible for defending against pathogens on body surfaces?

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response to an antigen, which antibody is produced first?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is mediated by circulating antibodies?

<p>Humoral immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Interferons in the immune system?

<p>Protect against viral infections by preventing them from infecting healthy cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

<p>T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Chemokines in the immune system?

<p>Attract leukocytes to site of inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of stress begins with the actions of adrenal hormones?

<p>Resistance stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the period from exposure to the onset of symptoms called in the clinical presentation of infection?

<p>Incubation period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are foreign antigens presented to T helper cells (CD4) in the immune system?

<p>MHC2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for most of the protective activity against infections in the immune system?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immune response called when the body recognizes self antigens as foreign?

<p>Autoimmunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE against environmental allergens?

<p>Type 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations from H1 receptors during Type 1 hypersensitivity?

<p>Bronchial constriction, edema, vasodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is tissue-specific and mediated by IgG and IgM?

<p>Type 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Type 3 hypersensitivity when immune (antigen-antibody) complexes are deposited in vessel walls or extravascular areas?

<p>Tissue deposition leading to problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of Rh negative giving birth to Rh positive?

<p>Hyperbilirubinemia in babies due to attack on red blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inappropriate immune responses leading to the breakdown of tolerance?

<p>Autoimmunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when IgE binds to crystalline fragment receptors on mast cells during Type 1 hypersensitivity?

<p>Release of histamine from mast cell degranulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the faster proliferation of stem cells into progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?

<p>Erythropoietin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from the kidneys in response to low renal oxygenation?

<p>Erythropoietin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which iron storage protein is majorly responsible for storing iron in the body?

<p>Ferritin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of anemia are RBCs abnormally small and contain reduced amounts of hemoglobin?

<p>Iron-deficiency anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic test for thalassemia, a condition characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin?

<p>Hemoglobin electrophoresis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can result in macrocytic normochromic anemia and neuro symptoms like paresthesia?

<p>Vitamin B12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes aplastic anemia, where RBCs are normal in size and hemoglobin content but insufficient in number?

<p>Hypocellular bone marrow replaced with fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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