34 Questions
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Redness, heat, swelling, pain
Which type of cells predominate in the early stage of inflammation?
Neutrophils
What is the most important activator of inflammation?
Mast cells
Which system provides a biochemical barrier against invading pathogens?
Plasma protein synthesis
What is the spectrum of bacteria that covers many of the body's surfaces called?
Normal bacteria flora
Which cells connect the innate and adaptive immune responses?
Dendritic cells
What are the three interactions that are finely regulated to prevent injury to the host tissue and guarantee activation when needed?
Complement system, coagulation system, and plasma protein synthesis
What do tissue close to the vessel contain?
Mast cells
Which cells predominate as phagocytes in the late inflammatory response?
Monocytes
Which type of antibody is responsible for defending against pathogens on body surfaces?
IgA
During the primary response to an antigen, which antibody is produced first?
IgM
Which type of immune response is mediated by circulating antibodies?
Humoral immunity
What is the function of Interferons in the immune system?
Protect against viral infections by preventing them from infecting healthy cells
Which cell type is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
T cells
What is the function of Chemokines in the immune system?
Attract leukocytes to site of inflammation
Which stage of stress begins with the actions of adrenal hormones?
Resistance stage
What is the period from exposure to the onset of symptoms called in the clinical presentation of infection?
Incubation period
Where are foreign antigens presented to T helper cells (CD4) in the immune system?
MHC2
What is responsible for most of the protective activity against infections in the immune system?
IgG
What is the immune response called when the body recognizes self antigens as foreign?
Autoimmunity
Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE against environmental allergens?
Type 1
What are the manifestations from H1 receptors during Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Bronchial constriction, edema, vasodilation
Which type of hypersensitivity is tissue-specific and mediated by IgG and IgM?
Type 2
What occurs in Type 3 hypersensitivity when immune (antigen-antibody) complexes are deposited in vessel walls or extravascular areas?
Tissue deposition leading to problems
What is a potential consequence of Rh negative giving birth to Rh positive?
Hyperbilirubinemia in babies due to attack on red blood cells
What is the result of inappropriate immune responses leading to the breakdown of tolerance?
Autoimmunity
What happens when IgE binds to crystalline fragment receptors on mast cells during Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Release of histamine from mast cell degranulation
What stimulates the faster proliferation of stem cells into progenitor cells in hematopoiesis?
Erythropoietin
Which hormone is released from the kidneys in response to low renal oxygenation?
Erythropoietin
Which iron storage protein is majorly responsible for storing iron in the body?
Ferritin
In which type of anemia are RBCs abnormally small and contain reduced amounts of hemoglobin?
Iron-deficiency anemia
What is the diagnostic test for thalassemia, a condition characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Which vitamin deficiency can result in macrocytic normochromic anemia and neuro symptoms like paresthesia?
Vitamin B12
What causes aplastic anemia, where RBCs are normal in size and hemoglobin content but insufficient in number?
Hypocellular bone marrow replaced with fat
Test your knowledge of immune system components and their functions, including histamine, interleukins, interferons, chemokines, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins. Learn about the roles of T cells, B cells, and antibodies in acquired immune responses.
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