Innate Immune System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the innate immune system?

  • Phagocytes
  • Chemical barriers
  • Mechanical barriers
  • Antibody production (correct)

    • Which cells are involved in the bloodborne defense mechanism of the innate immune system?

  • B cells
  • Plasma cells
  • T cells
  • Macrophages (correct)

    • Which pathway is NOT involved in the complement cascade of the innate immune system?

  • Lectin pathway
  • Alternative pathway
  • Classical pathway
  • Humoral pathway (correct)

    • Which type of T cell is responsible for killing virus-infected cells in the acquired immune system?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a mucosal surface where the innate immune system plays a crucial role?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the mechanical barriers in the innate immune system?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of phagocyte are involved in the innate immune response and is known for its ability to engulf and destroy pathogens?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by antibody-antigen complexes?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for the production of antibodies in acquired immunity?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a main function of the innate immune system?

    <p>Rapid response to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for the production of specific antibodies in the adaptive immune system?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells migrate to lymph nodes in the innate immune response?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Specific antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for producing RegIll in the innate immune system?

    <p>Paneth cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelial surface contains histatins and beta-defensins?

    <p>Oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is responsible for the production of specific antibodies?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial peptides are primarily found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis?

    <p>Beta-defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the bronchial ciliated epithelium are responsible for producing alpha-defensins?

    <p>Type 2 pneumocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of cathelicidins in innate immunity?

    <p>Disruption of microbial membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to microbial surfaces?

    <p>Lectin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is activated by the binding of C1q to antibody-antigen complexes?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is activated by the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3?

    <p>Alternative pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex is formed in the alternative pathway of complement activation and acts as a C3 convertase?

    <p>C3bBb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main functions of the complement system?

    <p>Opsonization, inflammation, membrane attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule(s) are involved in the recognition and binding of carbohydrates on the pathogen surface in the lectin pathway?

    <p>MBL and ficolins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of C3a and C5a in the lectin pathway?

    <p>They promote inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement protein interacts with pathogen surface or with antibodies bound to surface in classical pathway?

    <p>C1q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of C3 convertase in the complement cascade?

    <p>Cleaving C3 and releasing C3a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing and destroying the pathogen in the classical pathway?

    <p>Phagocytes with receptors for C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are involved in the activation of the classical pathway?

    <p>C1q, C1r, C1s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the alternative pathway undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis and initiates the deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces?

    <p>C3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alternative pathway, what is the main function of the membrane-attack complex (MAC) in the complement cascade?

    <p>To disrupt cell membrane and cause cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of C3 cleavage in all complement pathways?

    <p>C3b is released and binds to the microbial surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final outcome of the complement cascade in the alternative pathway?

    <p>Formation of a membrane-attack complex (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the alternative pathway stabilizes the C3 convertase and prevents its degradation?

    <p>Properdin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement protein can activate macrophages to phagocytose bacteria via CR1?

    <p>C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a bacterium is coated with C3b, which receptor binding is necessary for phagocytosis to occur?

    <p>CR1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement protein does NOT stimulate an increase in blood flow and vascular permeability?

    <p>C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement protein directly increases the activity of phagocytes?

    <p>C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement components are involved in mediating inflammation?

    <p>C3a, C4a, C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of small complement-cleavage products acting on blood vessels to increase vascular permeability?

    <p>Increased fluid leakage from blood vessels and extravasation of immunoglobulin and complement molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement proteins bind to form the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

    <p>C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of C9 in the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

    <p>Polymerize and bind to form a pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

    <p>To create a pore in the bacterial cell membrane and kill bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component binds to the C5b67 complex and allows its attachment to the cell membrane?

    <p>C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the formation of a pore in the bacterial cell membrane by the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

    <p>Leakage of cellular contents and bacterial cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune response?

    <p>Monocytes and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme produces superoxide free radicals in phagocytic cells?

    <p>NADPH oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pathogen after it is internalized in a phagosome during phagocytosis?

    <p>It fuses with a lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the production of cytokines that attract and activate other cells in the innate immune response?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an inflammatory response during an infection?

    <p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the complement pathway stabilizes the C3 convertase and prevents its degradation?

    <p>Factor B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cathelicidins in innate immunity?

    <p>Engulfing and destroying pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by the binding of C1q to antibody-antigen complexes?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of increased vascular permeability caused by complement protein-mediated inflammation?

    <p>Increased fluid leakage from blood vessels and extravasation of immunoglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the migration of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and lymphocytes being increased due to complement protein-mediated inflammation?

    <p>Increased microbicidal activity of macrophages and PMNs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the local release of TNF-α during inflammation?

    <p>Protective effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement proteins act on blood vessels to increase vascular permeability and cell-adhesion molecules?

    <p>C3a, C4a, C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of systemic release of TNF-α during infection?

    <p>Systemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical factor is NOT involved in induced responses of innate immunity?

    <p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of resident cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in induced responses of innate immunity?

    <p>Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of effector T cells in inflammation?

    <p>Activating macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins undergo opsonization?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells activate macrophages?

    <p>Effector T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates natural killer (NK) cells to serve as an early defense against certain intracellular infections?

    <p>Interferon and macrophage-derived cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

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