Innate Immune System

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the innate immune system?

Which cells are involved in the bloodborne defense mechanism of the innate immune system?

Which pathway is NOT involved in the complement cascade of the innate immune system?

Which type of T cell is responsible for killing virus-infected cells in the acquired immune system?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mucosal surface where the innate immune system plays a crucial role?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mechanical barriers in the innate immune system?

Which types of phagocyte are involved in the innate immune response and is known for its ability to engulf and destroy pathogens?

Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by antibody-antigen complexes?

Which type of cell is responsible for the production of antibodies in acquired immunity?

Which of the following is a main function of the innate immune system?

Which type of cell is responsible for the production of specific antibodies in the adaptive immune system?

Which cells migrate to lymph nodes in the innate immune response?

Which of the following is a feature of the adaptive immune system?

Which type of cell is responsible for producing RegIll in the innate immune system?

Which epithelial surface contains histatins and beta-defensins?

Which immune response is responsible for the production of specific antibodies?

Which antimicrobial peptides are primarily found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis?

Which type of cells in the bronchial ciliated epithelium are responsible for producing alpha-defensins?

Which of the following is a primary function of cathelicidins in innate immunity?

Which complement pathway is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to microbial surfaces?

Which complement pathway is activated by the binding of C1q to antibody-antigen complexes?

Which complement pathway is activated by the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3?

Which complex is formed in the alternative pathway of complement activation and acts as a C3 convertase?

What are the three main functions of the complement system?

Which molecule(s) are involved in the recognition and binding of carbohydrates on the pathogen surface in the lectin pathway?

What is the function of C3a and C5a in the lectin pathway?

Which complement protein interacts with pathogen surface or with antibodies bound to surface in classical pathway?

What is the main function of C3 convertase in the complement cascade?

Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing and destroying the pathogen in the classical pathway?

Which proteins are involved in the activation of the classical pathway?

Which component of the alternative pathway undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis and initiates the deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces?

In alternative pathway, what is the main function of the membrane-attack complex (MAC) in the complement cascade?

What is the result of C3 cleavage in all complement pathways?

What is the final outcome of the complement cascade in the alternative pathway?

Which component of the alternative pathway stabilizes the C3 convertase and prevents its degradation?

Which complement protein can activate macrophages to phagocytose bacteria via CR1?

When a bacterium is coated with C3b, which receptor binding is necessary for phagocytosis to occur?

Which complement protein does NOT stimulate an increase in blood flow and vascular permeability?

Which complement protein directly increases the activity of phagocytes?

Which complement components are involved in mediating inflammation?

What is the outcome of small complement-cleavage products acting on blood vessels to increase vascular permeability?

Which complement proteins bind to form the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

What is the function of C9 in the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

What is the function of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Which complement component binds to the C5b67 complex and allows its attachment to the cell membrane?

What is the consequence of the formation of a pore in the bacterial cell membrane by the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Which cells are responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune response?

Which enzyme produces superoxide free radicals in phagocytic cells?

What happens to the pathogen after it is internalized in a phagosome during phagocytosis?

Which cells are responsible for the production of cytokines that attract and activate other cells in the innate immune response?

What triggers an inflammatory response during an infection?

Which component of the complement pathway stabilizes the C3 convertase and prevents its degradation?

What is the primary function of cathelicidins in innate immunity?

Which pathway of the complement cascade is activated by the binding of C1q to antibody-antigen complexes?

Which of the following is a consequence of increased vascular permeability caused by complement protein-mediated inflammation?

What is the result of the migration of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and lymphocytes being increased due to complement protein-mediated inflammation?

What is the consequence of the local release of TNF-α during inflammation?

Which complement proteins act on blood vessels to increase vascular permeability and cell-adhesion molecules?

What is the outcome of systemic release of TNF-α during infection?

Which chemical factor is NOT involved in induced responses of innate immunity?

What is the role of resident cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in induced responses of innate immunity?

What is the role of effector T cells in inflammation?

Which proteins undergo opsonization?

Which cells activate macrophages?

What activates natural killer (NK) cells to serve as an early defense against certain intracellular infections?