Immune System Chapter 18

B cells = Produce antibodies & memory T cells = Coordinate/unique memory Natural Killer cells = Cytoxic action- rupture membranes Monocytes = 2nd line of defense

Humoral = Generate antibodies to disable pathogens Cell-Mediated = Activate B cells to remember next time Innate = Not mentioned in the passage Adaptive = Not mentioned in the passage

Increased Lymphocytes = Viral or chronic bacterial infection Increased Neutrophils = Bacterial infection Decreased Neutrophils = Inability to fight off infection Increased Monocytes = Not mentioned in the passage

<p>Helper T cells = Work with B cells (CD4) Killer T cells = Destroy antigen Memory T cells = Can be CD4 or CD8 Suppressor T cells = Turn off immune system to prevent autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High WBC = Typically means infection Low WBC/Neutropenia = Inability to fight off infection Normal WBC = 5,000-10,000/mm3 ANC &lt; 500 = Requires reverse isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alarm system = Activate B cells to remember next time Cytotoxic action = Rupture membranes Immune system = Prevents autoimmune response Cytoxic action = Attack and kill infiltrated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells = Bone marrow T cells = Bone marrow and thymus Natural Killer cells = Not mentioned in the passage Monocytes = Not mentioned in the passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis = Could be leukemia Neutropenia = Inability to fight off infection Autoimmune response = Not mentioned in the passage Immunodeficiency = Not mentioned in the passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody production = Neutralize virus and prevent infection Complement = Lyses cells and brings to cell death Interferon release = Protects surrounding cells from viral infection Allergic responses = Responds to foreign but harmless antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes = Identify microbe and produce antibodies T-lymphocytes (Helper) = Help B-lymphocytes to make antibodies T-lymphocytes (Killer) = Attack infection T-lymphocytes (Suppressor) = Help to call a halt to the immune system response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody-antigen complex = Activates complement to lyse cells First exposure to antigen = Stimulates small amount of antibody production Second exposure to antigen = Stimulates rapid production of large amounts of antibody Interferon release = Protects surrounding cells from viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphylactic Shock = Sudden drop in intravascular blood volume and blood pressure Allergic responses = Inflammation Complement activation = Lyses cells and brings to cell death Antibody production = Neutralize virus and prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WBC’s = Move in and start eating bacteria Neutrophils = Form pus B-lymphocytes = Identify microbe and produce antibodies Mast cells = Release histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody production = Exposure to foreign antigen Allergic responses = Exposure to foreign but harmless antigens Interferon release = Viral infection of cells Complement activation = Antigen-antibody complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody production = Neutralize virus Complement activation = Lyse cells T-lymphocytes (Killer) = Attack infection WBC’s = Eat bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphylactic Shock = Epinephrine IV or Epi-pen (SQ) Allergic responses = Anti-histamine Viral infection = Antiviral medication Bacterial infection = Antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphoid organs = Produces white blood cells and lymphocytes Lymphocytes = Helps return tissue fluid into circulation Lymphatic vessels = Masses of lymphatic tissue grouped along lymph vessels Lymph nodes = Produces interferon to fight infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exogenous antigens = Generated within the cell Endogenous antigens = Enter from outside the body Autoantigens = On the surface of tumor cells Tumor antigens = Recognized by the immune system in autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigens = Helps to destroy pathogens Antibodies = Identifies type of cell and helps immune system determine if it is foreign or not White Blood Cells = Produces interferon to fight infection HLA = Surrounds and devours bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HLA-DR1 = Rheumatoid Arthritis HLA-DR2 = Multiple Sclerosis HLA-DR3 = Celiac Disease HLA-DR4 = Grave's Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils = Engulf and destroy foreign bodies Basophils = Produce protective antibodies to overpower germs Eosinophils = Mature form of granulocytes Monocytes = Takes a stand during infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocytes = Produce protective antibodies to overpower germs Granulocytes = Helps to destroy pathogens Natural killer cells = Engulf and destroy foreign bodies Monocytes = Takes a stand during infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T cells = Produces interferon to fight infection B cells = Produce protective antibodies to overpower germs Natural killer cells = Engulf and destroy foreign bodies Lymph nodes = Masses of lymphatic tissue grouped along lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spleen = Helps return tissue fluid into circulation Lymph nodes = Phagocytizes pathogens and produces WBC Lymphatic vessels = Masses of lymphatic tissue grouped along lymph vessels Thymus = Produces interferon to fight infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis = Decrease in WBC count Granulocytes = Agranulocytes Lymphocytes = Takes a stand during infection Infection = Increase in WBC count</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibodies = Surrounds and devours bacteria White Blood Cells = Helps to destroy pathogens Lymphocytes = Produce protective antibodies to overpower germs HLA = Identifies type of cell and helps immune system determine if it is foreign or not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dpt = q 10 years Pneumovax = If high pulmonary history sometimes q 5 yrs Influenza/H1N1 = Yearly Herpes zoster = Once after age 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine = Treats anaphylactic reactions Corticosteroids = Reduces inflammation Antihistamines = Treats allergic reactions Decongestants = Relieves nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Titers = Blood tests Physical assessment = Objective data Skin tests = Diagnostic tests Gene testing = Diagnostic tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medic alert identification = Assesses allergies Anaphylaxis kit = Treats anaphylactic reactions Epi-Pen = Administers epinephrine Immunotherapy = Desensitizes patient with anaphylactic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aging = Decreased antibody response Autoimmune disorders = More prone to immune disorders Allergies = Exaggerated immune response Immunosuppression = Weakened immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus gland = Produces immature T cells Memory cells = Recovers from infections Hepatitis B vaccine = Prevents Hepatitis B infection Chickenpox vaccine = Prevents Chickenpox infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antivirals = Treats viral infections Antibiotics = Treats bacterial infections Histamine H2 blockers = Treats allergic reactions Mast-cell stabilizing drugs = Stabilizes mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splenectomy = Removes spleen Immunosuppressants = Suppresses immune response Interferon = Treats viral infections Hormone therapy = Regulates hormonal balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins = Stimulates release of other mediators Interleukins = Labels foreign antigens for phagocytosis Interferon = Causes lysis of cells Complement = Stimulates production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune Diseases = Decreased Immunity Burns/Trauma = Increased WBC production Bone Marrow Suppression = Increased Immunity Chemotherapy = Decreased WBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Immunity = Temporary, obtained from another source Active Immunity = Permanent, produces own antibodies Naturally Acquired Immunity = Obtained through infection or vaccination Artificially Acquired Immunity = Obtained through breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placental Transmission = From mother to fetus Breast Milk = From mother to infant Injection = Artificially acquired immunity Recovery from Disease = Naturally acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement = Causes lysis of cells Prostaglandins = Stimulates release of other mediators Interferon = Stimulates production of antibodies Interleukins = Labels foreign antigens for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Immunity = Temporary Active Immunity = Permanent Naturally Acquired Immunity = Long-term Artificially Acquired Immunity = Short-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetanus = Artificially acquired immunity Recovery from Disease = Naturally acquired immunity Breast Milk = Passive immunity Vaccine = Active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Immunity = Obtained from another source Active Immunity = Produces own antibodies Naturally Acquired Immunity = Obtained through infection Artificially Acquired Immunity = Obtained through vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remembering specific intruders to activate faster the next time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppressor T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral or chronic bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5,000-10,000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WBC x % of Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To wall off infection and destroy the invader</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires reverse isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate the production of antibodies by B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To limit the immune response and prevent autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rupturing membranes through cytotoxic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, while humoral immunity involves B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To destroy pathogens or other foreign material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endogenous antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To directly attack and destroy infected cells and tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide immunity in secretions such as tears and saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate between self and non-self</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To directly attack and destroy infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To release histamine and cause an allergic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce the first response against an infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To phagocytize pathogens and produce white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate B cells to produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow production of small amounts of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect surrounding cells from viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of histamine leading to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and respond to microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of plasma from capillaries, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To 'eat' bacteria and form pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help B-lymphocytes to produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To label foreign antigens for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increased risk of autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive immunity is produced on its own, while active immunity is obtained from another source</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To release mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in the production of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturally acquired immunity is acquired through recovery from disease, while artificially acquired immunity is acquired through vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce a non-specific response to viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers