Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases

<p>No single laboratory test can definitively diagnose AS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axial skeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune memory for rapid recall responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmunity is present in all individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All mentioned approaches are important. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a completely localized disease without systemic issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients may experience morning joint stiffness lasting longer than 1 hour. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A highly diverse repertoire of antigen receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnosis involves a combination of signs, symptoms, laboratory tests, and radiographic results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-CCP antibodies carry higher specificity for the diagnosis of RA compared to RF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disease can develop in any gender but predominantly affects women of child-bearing age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosensitivity and oral ulcers as typical findings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A positive Coombs test is definitive for the diagnosis of SLE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclophosphamide, often used as a last resort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histological abnormalities can only be observed in renal tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic sclerosis can lead to skin and organ fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of wrinkles and taut, shiny skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to speak continuously and effortlessly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They share certain clinical features and genetic associations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axial skeleton, especially the spine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an autoimmune disease, where the body's immune system attacks the joints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The early stage is often characterized by pain and inflammation in the sacroiliac joints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increased inflammation can cause the spine to fuse, leading to a loss of mobility and deformity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasculitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive immunity is found only in vertebrates.

Innate immunity is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Cells of the innate immune system include NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and others excluding B lymphocytes.

The normal immune system has diverse antigen receptors, memory, and tolerance.

Autoimmunity involves tissue injury from immune reactions against self-tissues.

Main treatments include suppressing autoimmunity, restoring regulatory functions, and inhibiting effects.

Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in females than males.

RA causes morning stiffness in joints lasting over 1 hour, improving with activity.

Dryness in the nose, throat, and trachea.

Includes ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis, but not RA.

Primarily affects the axial skeleton, not peripheral joints.

Sacroiliitis often starts early; joints can get obliterated.

TNF-α is crucial; elevated IL-23 and IL-17 in patients.

Characterized by taut, shiny skin and loss of wrinkles.

A chronic disease with lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, causing dryness.

Includes oral dryness, difficulty swallowing, and burning sensation but not continuous speaking.

Group of overlapping disorders with common clinical features, inflammatory in nature.

Primarily affects the axial skeleton, but can also involve peripheral joints and extraarticular structures.

Genetics play a role in susceptibility to Ankylosing spondylitis; male predominance exists.

A process involving inflammation and damage to blood vessels, may be primary or secondary.

Common features include dryness; skin covered with sweat is incorrect.

An autoimmune disease primarily affecting joints, leading to chronic inflammation.

Autoantibodies specific for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis with high specificity.

An autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ involvement and abnormal immune responses.

Interactions that lead to abnormal immune responses in susceptible individuals.

Includes cutaneous rashes, hematologic changes, and renal issues.

Markers like Anti-ds DNA and Anti-Sm are highly indicative of SLE.

Includes systemic glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and other immunosuppressants.

Symptoms or complications outside of the joints, like those found in Sjogren's syndrome.