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Questions and Answers
What is the integumentary system primarily composed of?
What is the integumentary system primarily composed of?
Which area of the body has the thickest skin?
Which area of the body has the thickest skin?
Which connective tissue attaches the dermis to the underlying structures?
Which connective tissue attaches the dermis to the underlying structures?
What covers almost the entire skin surface of domestic animals?
What covers almost the entire skin surface of domestic animals?
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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
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Which component of the hair is responsible for maintaining the viability of the hair follicle?
Which component of the hair is responsible for maintaining the viability of the hair follicle?
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What is the area where hair formation originates called?
What is the area where hair formation originates called?
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What type of keratin is the keratin in hair known as?
What type of keratin is the keratin in hair known as?
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Which structure lacks stratum granulosum and lucidum and presents a double system of ridges and papillae in the dermis?
Which structure lacks stratum granulosum and lucidum and presents a double system of ridges and papillae in the dermis?
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What are the components of the hair, from outside to inside?
What are the components of the hair, from outside to inside?
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Which is a direct continuation of the epidermis and dermis that line the distal phalanges in carnivores?
Which is a direct continuation of the epidermis and dermis that line the distal phalanges in carnivores?
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What is the deep part of the invagination that has an inverted cup shape and is made up of basal keratinocytes and melanocytes called?
What is the deep part of the invagination that has an inverted cup shape and is made up of basal keratinocytes and melanocytes called?
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Which type of cell makes up the vast majority (80-85%) of epidermal cells?
Which type of cell makes up the vast majority (80-85%) of epidermal cells?
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In which layer of the epidermis do keratinocytes begin to produce desmosomes and type I and type II cytokeratins?
In which layer of the epidermis do keratinocytes begin to produce desmosomes and type I and type II cytokeratins?
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What is the main function of melanocytes in the skin?
What is the main function of melanocytes in the skin?
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Which cells in the epidermis serve as antigen-presenting cells?
Which cells in the epidermis serve as antigen-presenting cells?
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What do keratinocytes in the granulosum layer produce that is transformed into filaggrin, a protein acting as a glue for keratin filaments?
What do keratinocytes in the granulosum layer produce that is transformed into filaggrin, a protein acting as a glue for keratin filaments?
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From which part of the body do Langerhans cells originate?
From which part of the body do Langerhans cells originate?
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What percentage of epidermal cells do Langerhans cells represent?
What percentage of epidermal cells do Langerhans cells represent?
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What do keratinocytes in the corneum layer lose as they die?
What do keratinocytes in the corneum layer lose as they die?
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What is the main role of Merkel cells in the skin?
What is the main role of Merkel cells in the skin?
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"Keratinocytes in the basale layer are progenitor cells", what does 'progenitor' mean in this context?
"Keratinocytes in the basale layer are progenitor cells", what does 'progenitor' mean in this context?
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What is the function of cytokeratin 5 and 14 expressed by keratinocytes in the basale layer?
What is the function of cytokeratin 5 and 14 expressed by keratinocytes in the basale layer?
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Which cells in the epidermis phagocytose antigens and travel to regional lymph nodes to present antigens to specific lymphocytes?
Which cells in the epidermis phagocytose antigens and travel to regional lymph nodes to present antigens to specific lymphocytes?
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What type of secretion do sebaceous glands produce and discharge into the hair follicle?
What type of secretion do sebaceous glands produce and discharge into the hair follicle?
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Which type of sweat glands have a cooling function and are abundant in canids and equids?
Which type of sweat glands have a cooling function and are abundant in canids and equids?
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Where are Merkel cells located in specific regions such as whiskers, tactile hairs, footpads, and oral mucosa?
Where are Merkel cells located in specific regions such as whiskers, tactile hairs, footpads, and oral mucosa?
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Which part of the skin consists of fibrous connective tissue with a network of collagen and elastic fibers, divided into papillary and reticular layers?
Which part of the skin consists of fibrous connective tissue with a network of collagen and elastic fibers, divided into papillary and reticular layers?
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Which type of glands are located around the anus, in the perineum, and in the buttock of the tail of canids, and have a tendency to neoplastic transformation in males?
Which type of glands are located around the anus, in the perineum, and in the buttock of the tail of canids, and have a tendency to neoplastic transformation in males?
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What do mammary glands produce in an apocrine form?
What do mammary glands produce in an apocrine form?
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What is the structure that is a tubular invagination of the epidermis and basement membrane into the dermis, covered by the epidermis?
What is the structure that is a tubular invagination of the epidermis and basement membrane into the dermis, covered by the epidermis?
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What type of secretion do sweat glands with merocrine secretion have?
What type of secretion do sweat glands with merocrine secretion have?
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Which cells are connected to nerve fibers, forming Merkel cell-neurite complexes?
Which cells are connected to nerve fibers, forming Merkel cell-neurite complexes?
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Where is fibroadipose tissue present in the skin structure?
Where is fibroadipose tissue present in the skin structure?
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Which structure is composed of layers such as the basement membrane, external and internal root sheaths, and hair shaft?
Which structure is composed of layers such as the basement membrane, external and internal root sheaths, and hair shaft?
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Study Notes
- Langerhans cells in the epidermis phagocytose antigens, travel to regional lymph nodes to present antigens to specific lymphocytes, stimulating the immune response.
- Merkel cells: neuroendocrine cells located in specific regions like whiskers, tactile hairs, footpads, and oral mucosa, connected to nerve fibers, forming Merkel cell-neurite complexes.
- Skin structure:
- Dermis: fibrous connective tissue with a network of collagen and elastic fibers, divided into papillary and reticular layers.
- Hypodermis: fibrous connective tissue with adipose tissue (fibroadipose tissue).
- Skin appendages:
- Sebaceous glands: exocrine glands that produce sebum in a holocrine secretion and discharge it to the hair follicle, with two types of cells: basal and secretory.
- Sweat glands: of two types, apocrine (coiled tubular glands with serous secretion and cooling function, abundant in canids and equids) and eccrine (tubular glands with merocrine secretion and found in various body parts).
- Hepatoid glands: exocrine glands located around the anus, in the perineum, and in the buttock of the tail of canids, with lumen-free secretory units, and have a tendency to neoplastic transformation in males.
- Mammary gland: a modified exocrine cutaneous sweat gland that produces milk in an apocrine form, with secretory units and ducts of columnar to cuboidal epithelium.
- Hair follicle and hair: tubular invagination of the epidermis and basement membrane into the dermis, covered by the epidermis, with a structure composed of layers such as the basement membrane, external and internal root sheaths, and hair shaft.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the immune response pathway with this quiz. Learn about how antigens are processed and presented to specific lymphocytes, leading to the proliferation of helper T lymphocytes and the production of interleukins.
