Immune Response Mechanisms

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Where do antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, typically move to after phagocytosis and presentation of pathogens' antigens on MHC I and MHC II?

The thymus

The bone marrow

The spleen

The closest lymph node (correct)

What is the function of CD4+ helper T-cells in the humoral response?

To differentiate into plasma cells

To recognise and bind to antigenic peptides on B-cells' MHC II (correct)

To produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies

To recognise and bind to antigens on MHC I

What is the result of the binding of CD4+ helper T-cells to B-cells' MHC II?

B-cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies (correct)

T-cells undergo clonal expansion

B-cells undergo apoptosis

Antigens are released from the B-cells

What is the function of the constant region of an immunoglobulin?

To provide structural support to the immunoglobulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the primary immune response involving B-lymphocytes?

The production of immunoglobulins at a rate of 2000 per second Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the primary and secondary immune responses involving B-lymphocytes?

The primary response is slower, while the secondary response is faster due to the involvement of B memory cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the immune cells with their primary function:

B-lymphocytes = Recognize and present antigens to T-cells T-lymphocytes = Produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies APCs = Produce immunoglobulin receptors on their surface Dendritic cells = Undergo endocytosis to internalize antigens Signup and view all the answers

Match the immunoglobulin components with their functions:

Variable region of light chain = Provides antigenic binding site Constant region of heavy chain = Determines the antibody's class and function Disulfide bonds = Holds the tetramer structure together Heavy chain region of light chain = Involved in agglutination Signup and view all the answers

Match the immune response stages with their characteristics:

Primary immune response = Involves the activation of B memory cells Humoral response = Involves the activation of T-lymphocytes Secondary immune response = Produces 2000 antibodies per second Antigen presentation = Occurs in the closest lymph node Signup and view all the answers

Match the immunoglobulin structures with their descriptions:

Tetramers = Composed of two light and two heavy chains Polypeptide chains = Consists of constant and variable regions Antigenic binding site = Located on the variable region of the heavy chain Disulfide bonds = Forms the light chain region of the immunoglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Match the immune cell interactions with their outcomes:

CD4+ helper T-cells binding to B-cells' MHC II = Activation of B-cells' antibody production T-lymphocytes recognizing antigens on MHC I = Activation of cytotoxic T-cells Antigen presentation on MHC II = Activation of B-cells' endocytosis B-cells recognizing antigens via immunoglobulin receptors = Activation of CD4+ helper T-cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the immune response mechanisms with their effects:

Agglutination = Traps pathogens and prevents their spread Antigen presentation = Activates immune responses by presenting antigens Endocytosis = Internalizes antigens for processing and presentation Immunoglobulin production = Provides long-term immunity against pathogens Signup and view all the answers