108 Questions
What is the liquid portion of blood known as?
Plasma
Which cells are the most abundant in the blood?
Erythrocytes
What is the approximate ratio of thrombocytes to erythrocytes in the blood?
1:20
Which group of leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm?
Granulocytes
Which factor can lead to the development of fine lines and wrinkles in the skin?
Aging
What skin condition is associated with aging?
Varicose veins
What can significantly reduce immune function?
Diet rich in saturated fat and animal protein
What can boost immunity in elderly persons?
Multi vitamin and multi mineral supplements
What is associated with an increased risk of infection?
Very prolonged bouts of exercise
What can affect the immune system in a negative way?
Mood disorders
What can lead to the production of autoantibodies attacking their own cells in elderly individuals?
Aging
What is responsible for the proper functioning of the immune system?
Proper nutrition
What is the main function of neutrophils?
Playing a crucial role in fighting infections
Which leukocyte is associated with allergic diseases and parasite infections?
Eosinophils
What is the main function of B cells?
Antigen interaction and antibody production
Which leukocyte protects against infections by killing and ingesting pathogens?
NK cells
What do granulocytes contain in their cytoplasm?
Granules
Which leukocyte is the most abundant granulocyte?
Neutrophils
What is the main function of T cells?
Differentiating into helper, cytotoxic, and suppressor cells
Which leukocyte is involved in inflammatory reactions related to allergies and asthma?
Eosinophils
What is the main function of monocytes?
Protecting against blood-borne pathogens
What do agranulocytes like lymphocytes produce?
Antibodies
What is the study of the immune system's defense against infections called?
Immunology
What type of immunity includes barriers like skin, mucous membrane, and secreted fluids?
Innate immunity
Which cells destroy microorganisms through phagocytosis?
Dendritic cells
What triggers an immune response by breaking down pathogens and generating antigens?
Phagocytes
When does acquired immunity occur?
Upon exposure to an infectious agent or live pathogen
What is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?
Transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus
What triggers active immunity?
Vaccines
What are the characteristics of immune response?
Specificity, distinguishing self from non-self molecules, and reliance on memory
What happens during the primary immune response?
Slow activation of cells and memory cell production
What occurs during the secondary immune response?
Faster response due to memory cells
What is involved in antibody-mediated immune response?
Interactions between pathogens, innate and acquired immune systems, and the production of plasma cells and memory cells
What is involved in cell-mediated immune response?
Macrophages presenting antigens to helper T cells, leading to activation of Tc cells that attack infected cells
What is the role of passive immunity in artificial acquisition?
Through injection
What are the major phagocytic cells involved in destroying microorganisms?
Macrophages
What is the liquid portion of blood known as?
Plasma
What is the approximate ratio of leukocytes to erythrocytes in the blood?
1:700
What are the most abundant cells found in the blood?
Erythrocytes
Which white blood cells have granules in their cytoplasm and are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
Basophils
What skin condition is associated with aging?
Dermatitis
What can significantly reduce immune function?
Diet rich in saturated fat and animal protein
What can boost immunity in elderly persons?
Multi vitamin and multi mineral supplements
What is the role of B cells in the immune system?
Production of antibodies
What occurs during the secondary immune response?
Rapid production of antibodies
What is the main function of monocytes in the immune system?
Phagocytosis of pathogens
What can affect the immune system in a negative way?
Mood disorders
What is responsible for the proper functioning of the immune system?
Proper nutrition
Which leukocyte is involved in inflammatory reactions related to allergies and asthma?
Eosinophils
What is the main function of NK cells?
Killing and ingesting pathogens
What is the study of the immune system's defense against infections called?
Immunology
What is the main function of B cells?
Producing antibodies
Which leukocyte is the most abundant granulocyte?
Neutrophils
What do agranulocytes like lymphocytes produce?
Antibodies
Which leukocyte protects the body against blood-borne pathogens?
Monocytes
What is the main function of T cells?
Differentiating into helper cells
What are the common terms in immunology?
Immunity, antibodies, antigens
What type of immunity includes barriers like skin, mucous membrane, and secreted fluids?
Innate immunity
What is the main function of granulocytes?
Killing and ingesting pathogens
What is the main function of monocytes?
Protecting against blood-borne pathogens
Which cells are involved in the cell-mediated immune response by presenting antigens to helper T cells?
Macrophages
What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
Presenting antigens to T cells
Which immune response characteristic involves distinguishing self from non-self molecules?
Specificity
What triggers the development of long-term resistance in active immunity?
Vaccines
Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies in the antibody-mediated immune response?
Plasma cells
What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the immune response?
Destroying infected cells
What is the primary function of Tc cells in the immune response?
Attacking infected cells
Which leukocyte is involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites?
Eosinophils
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response?
Phagocytosis
Which immune response is triggered by the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?
Phagocytosis
Which immune response involves the production of specialized cells to kill pathogens?
Cell-mediated immune response
What is the liquid portion of blood known as?
Plasma
What is the approximate ratio of leukocytes to erythrocytes in the blood?
1:700
Which white blood cells have granules in their cytoplasm and are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
Basophils
What are the most abundant cells found in the blood?
Erythrocytes
Which factor can lead to the development of fine lines and wrinkles in the skin?
Reduced fat layer and loss of skin elasticity due to hormonal changes
What can significantly reduce immune function?
Diet rich in saturated fat and animal protein
What is responsible for the proper functioning of the immune system?
Proper nutrition
What can boost immunity in elderly persons?
Multi vitamin and multi mineral supplements
When the antibodies are produced, what happens to the duration of the response in elderly individuals?
The duration of the response is shorter
What occurs during the secondary immune response?
Faster and more robust antibody production
What is the primary function of Tc cells in the immune response?
Killing infected cells
What is the main function of B cells?
Producing antibodies
Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies in the antibody-mediated immune response?
Basophils
What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
Present antigens to helper T cells
What is the main function of NK cells?
Protect against infections by killing pathogens and foreign matter
What is the main function of T cells?
Have antigen-specific receptors and differentiate into helper, cytotoxic, and suppressor cells
What triggers the development of long-term resistance in active immunity?
Immune memory
Which leukocyte is involved in inflammatory reactions related to allergies and asthma?
Eosinophils
What is the main function of monocytes?
Protect against blood-borne pathogens
What is the main function of neutrophils?
Fight infections
What triggers an immune response by breaking down pathogens and generating antigens?
Phagocytosis
What type of immunity includes barriers like skin, mucous membrane, and secreted fluids?
Innate immunity
What is the main function of granulocytes?
Fight infections
What occurs during the primary immune response?
Initial exposure to an antigen
Which type of immunity is subdivided into active and passive immunity?
Acquired immunity
What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
Presenting antigens to helper T cells
What occurs during the primary immune response to an antigen?
Slow development and production of memory cells
Which leukocyte is involved in inflammatory reactions related to allergies and asthma?
Eosinophils
What triggers the development of long-term resistance in active immunity?
Vaccines
Which immune response involves interactions between pathogens, innate and acquired immune systems, and the production of plasma cells and memory cells?
Antibody-mediated immune response
What is the main function of natural killer cells in the immune response?
Killing infected cells
What is the liquid portion of blood known as?
Plasma
What is the primary function of Tc cells in the immune response?
Killing infected cells
Which leukocyte protects the body against blood-borne pathogens?
Macrophages
What type of immunity includes barriers like skin, mucous membrane, and secreted fluids?
Innate immunity
What do granulocytes contain in their cytoplasm?
Lysosomes
Study Notes
Immune Response and Immunity Overview
- Phagocytes destroy microorganisms through phagocytosis and contain fluids that destroy pathogens.
- Phagocytes trigger an immune response by breaking down pathogens and generating antigens.
- Major phagocytic cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
- Acquired immunity occurs when exposed to an infectious agent or live pathogen, subdivided into active and passive immunity.
- Passive immunity can be naturally acquired (e.g., transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus) or artificially acquired (e.g., through injection).
- Active immunity is triggered by vaccines, leading to long-term resistance but with a slow development.
- Immune response characteristics include specificity, distinguishing self from non-self molecules, and reliance on memory.
- Primary immune response is slow on first exposure to an antigen, producing activated cells and memory cells.
- Secondary immune response is faster upon second exposure, due to the rapid response of memory cells.
- Immune response can be antibody-mediated (production of antibodies) or cell-mediated (production of specialized cells to kill pathogens).
- Antibody-mediated immune response involves interactions between pathogens, innate and acquired immune systems, and the production of plasma cells and memory cells.
- Cell-mediated immune response involves macrophages presenting antigens to helper T cells, leading to activation of Tc cells that attack infected cells.
Immune Response and Immunity Overview
- Phagocytes destroy microorganisms through phagocytosis and contain fluids that destroy pathogens.
- Phagocytes trigger an immune response by breaking down pathogens and generating antigens.
- Major phagocytic cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
- Acquired immunity occurs when exposed to an infectious agent or live pathogen, subdivided into active and passive immunity.
- Passive immunity can be naturally acquired (e.g., transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus) or artificially acquired (e.g., through injection).
- Active immunity is triggered by vaccines, leading to long-term resistance but with a slow development.
- Immune response characteristics include specificity, distinguishing self from non-self molecules, and reliance on memory.
- Primary immune response is slow on first exposure to an antigen, producing activated cells and memory cells.
- Secondary immune response is faster upon second exposure, due to the rapid response of memory cells.
- Immune response can be antibody-mediated (production of antibodies) or cell-mediated (production of specialized cells to kill pathogens).
- Antibody-mediated immune response involves interactions between pathogens, innate and acquired immune systems, and the production of plasma cells and memory cells.
- Cell-mediated immune response involves macrophages presenting antigens to helper T cells, leading to activation of Tc cells that attack infected cells.
Immune Response and Immunity Overview
- Phagocytes destroy microorganisms through phagocytosis and contain fluids that destroy pathogens.
- Phagocytes trigger an immune response by breaking down pathogens and generating antigens.
- Major phagocytic cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
- Acquired immunity occurs when exposed to an infectious agent or live pathogen, subdivided into active and passive immunity.
- Passive immunity can be naturally acquired (e.g., transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus) or artificially acquired (e.g., through injection).
- Active immunity is triggered by vaccines, leading to long-term resistance but with a slow development.
- Immune response characteristics include specificity, distinguishing self from non-self molecules, and reliance on memory.
- Primary immune response is slow on first exposure to an antigen, producing activated cells and memory cells.
- Secondary immune response is faster upon second exposure, due to the rapid response of memory cells.
- Immune response can be antibody-mediated (production of antibodies) or cell-mediated (production of specialized cells to kill pathogens).
- Antibody-mediated immune response involves interactions between pathogens, innate and acquired immune systems, and the production of plasma cells and memory cells.
- Cell-mediated immune response involves macrophages presenting antigens to helper T cells, leading to activation of Tc cells that attack infected cells.
Test your knowledge of the immune response and immunity with this quiz. Explore the roles of phagocytes, acquired immunity, passive and active immunity, immune response characteristics, primary and secondary immune responses, and antibody-mediated versus cell-mediated immune responses.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
