32 Questions
Which type of immune deficiency is characterized by a single nucleotide mis-sense mutation in the beta-2 Integrin gene?
Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
What is the main difference between primary and secondary immune deficiencies?
Primary immune deficiencies are inherited, while secondary immune deficiencies are not
What is the most common cause of secondary immune deficiency?
Chronic disease
Which type of immune deficiency is clinically apparent in early life and has an increased mortality chance?
Primary immune deficiency
What is the characteristic feature of Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)?
All of the above
Which breed is commonly affected by Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)?
Irish Setter
What is the main function of white blood cells in the immune system?
Eliminating pathogens
What does persistent neutrophilia indicate in Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)?
Impaired neutrophil function
Which type of immune deficiency is caused by a mutation in a gene associated with the immune response?
Primary immune deficiency
What is the likelihood of finding Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD) in a clinic?
Low
Which breed is affected by a mutation for key cytokines (IL-2, 4, 7, 9, 15) leading to immune system failure?
Basset Hound
Which breed is affected by a mutation for lymphocyte formation inhibiting the immune response once maternal immunity has waned?
Jack Russel Terrier
Which breed is affected by a mutation impacting T & B cell receptors, inhibiting somatic mutation to different antigens, and has a clinical diagnosis that is not straightforward?
Arabian horse
Which factor may not be a useful marker for immunodeficiency syndromes?
Lymphopenia
Which factor is associated with age-related decline in immune function?
Malnutrition
Which factor can suppress the immune response and increase infection susceptibility?
Glucocorticoids
What might be the underlying cause if an animal shows reduced concentrations of cytokines and reduced T lymphocyte function?
Malnutrition
Which type of immune deficiency is characterized by a single nucleotide mis-sense mutation in the beta-2 Integrin gene?
Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)
Which factor can suppress the immune response and increase infection susceptibility?
Age, chronic disease, infection, therapeutics
Which breed is affected by a mutation for key cytokines (IL-2, 4, 7, 9, 15) leading to immune system failure?
Irish Setter
What is the main function of white blood cells in the immune system?
Eliminating pathogens
What is the likelihood of finding Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD) in a clinic?
Rare
What is the characteristic feature of Canine leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)?
Abnormal blood clotting & Impaired immune system
What is the most common cause of secondary immune deficiency?
Physiological or pathological change within the immune system
What are the breed-specific mutations associated with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in dogs and horses?
Basset Hound: Mutation for key cytokines (IL-2, 4, 7, 9, 15). Jack Russel Terrier: Mutation for Lymphocyte formation. Arabian horse: Mutation impacts T & B cell receptors.
What are the clinical manifestations of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Arabian horses?
Pyrexia, respiratory complications, diarrhea.
What are the potential causes of lymphopenia?
Chronic stress, immune deficiency syndromes.
What are the secondary immune deficiencies discussed in the text?
Age-related decline, specific infectious disease, chronic stress, malnutrition.
What factors can suppress the immune response and increase infection susceptibility?
Glucocorticoids (e.g. due to chronic stress), chronic stress, malnutrition.
What factors can increase immune function?
Low intensity exercise.
What is the significance of reduced concentrations of cytokines and reduced T lymphocyte function?
It indicates malnutrition and reduced immune function.
What should be considered if an animal shows recurrent infections, neutrophilia or lymphopenia, and susceptibility to infection?
An immune deficiency should be considered.
Test your knowledge on immune deficiency with this quiz! Learn about the different types of immune deficiency, including primary inherited or congenital deficiency, as well as the impairments in immune system function that make animals susceptible to infectious diseases. Challenge yourself with questions on pathogens, cytokine signaling, lymphocytes, and more.
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