Hypersensitivity Reactions Quiz

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Which receptor does histamine act through to contract bronchial smooth muscles?

H2 receptor

H3 receptor

H1 receptor (correct)

H4 receptor

What is the result of histamine acting through H2 receptors?

Bronchial constriction

Vasodilation

Decreased gastric acid secretion

Increased gastric acid secretion (correct)

What tends to produce higher quantities in atopic individuals?

IgM

IgA

IgE (correct)

IgG

What causes Type II (tissue-specific) hypersensitivity reactions?

Complement-mediated lysis Signup and view all the answers

What causes Type III (immune complex–mediated) hypersensitivity reactions?

Formation of immune complexes Signup and view all the answers

What are the most likely immune complexes to have severe pathologic consequences?

Intermediate-sized immune complexes Signup and view all the answers

What can immune complex disease be?

Both systemic and localized Signup and view all the answers

What causes Type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated through the binding of IgE to Fc receptors on mast cells and cross-linking of IgE by antigens?

Type I (IgE-mediated) reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the most rapid immediate hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to cardiovascular shock?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What are allergens?

Antigens that cause allergic responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by IgE-mediated mechanisms and immediate onset?

Type I (IgE-mediated) reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex–mediated mechanisms?

Type III (immune complex–mediated) reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are the exaggerated responses against environmental antigens called?

Allergy Signup and view all the answers

What type of response are autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and allergy collectively known as?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune deficiencies are caused by genetic defects disrupting lymphocyte development?

Primary immune deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical hallmark of immune deficiency?

Propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections are most common in individuals with defects of the cell-mediated immune response?

Fungal and viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of defects in B-cell function?

Complete lack of the human bursal equivalent function to deficiencies in a single class of immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common infections in individuals with defects of the humoral immune response or complement function?

Primarily bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What are disorders resulting from immune deficiency the clinical sequelae of?

Impaired function of components of the immune or inflammatory response, phagocytes, or complement Signup and view all the answers

What is the failure of mechanisms of self-defense to function in their normal capacity called?

Immune deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by complete or partial lack of the thymus and parathyroid glands, and the presence of cardiac anomalies?

DiGeorge syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in total lack of T-cell function and a severe lack of B-cell function?

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency results in recurrent life-threatening bacterial infections and unusual disseminated infections with Neisseria spp.?

C3 deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What can result in recurrent life-threatening infections such as septicemia and disseminated pyogenic lesions?

Defects in phagocyte function Signup and view all the answers

What are autoinflammatory disorders characterized by?

Abnormally high levels of inflammation secondary to mutations in control of inflammasome activation or in defects in cellular receptors of cytokines designed to decrease inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What causes acquired immunodeficiencies?

Superimposed conditions such as aging, malnutrition, infections, malignancies, physical or psychologic trauma, environmental factors, some medical treatments, or other diseases Signup and view all the answers

How are deficient antibody production usually treated?

By replacement of missing immunoglobulins with commercial gamma-globulin preparations Signup and view all the answers

How are lymphocyte deficiencies usually treated?

With the replacement of host lymphocytes with transplants of bone marrow, fetal liver, or fetal thymus from a donor Signup and view all the answers