30 Questions
Which receptor does histamine act through to contract bronchial smooth muscles?
H1 receptor
What is the result of histamine acting through H2 receptors?
Increased gastric acid secretion
What tends to produce higher quantities in atopic individuals?
IgE
What causes Type II (tissue-specific) hypersensitivity reactions?
Complement-mediated lysis
What causes Type III (immune complex–mediated) hypersensitivity reactions?
Formation of immune complexes
What are the most likely immune complexes to have severe pathologic consequences?
Intermediate-sized immune complexes
What can immune complex disease be?
Both systemic and localized
What causes Type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions?
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells)
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated through the binding of IgE to Fc receptors on mast cells and cross-linking of IgE by antigens?
Type I (IgE-mediated) reactions
What is the most rapid immediate hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to cardiovascular shock?
Anaphylaxis
What are allergens?
Antigens that cause allergic responses
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by IgE-mediated mechanisms and immediate onset?
Type I (IgE-mediated) reactions
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex–mediated mechanisms?
Type III (immune complex–mediated) reactions
What are the exaggerated responses against environmental antigens called?
Allergy
What type of response are autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and allergy collectively known as?
Hypersensitivity reactions
Which type of immune deficiencies are caused by genetic defects disrupting lymphocyte development?
Primary immune deficiencies
What is the clinical hallmark of immune deficiency?
Propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections
Which type of infections are most common in individuals with defects of the cell-mediated immune response?
Fungal and viral infections
What is the range of defects in B-cell function?
Complete lack of the human bursal equivalent function to deficiencies in a single class of immunoglobulins
What are the most common infections in individuals with defects of the humoral immune response or complement function?
Primarily bacterial infections
What are disorders resulting from immune deficiency the clinical sequelae of?
Impaired function of components of the immune or inflammatory response, phagocytes, or complement
What is the failure of mechanisms of self-defense to function in their normal capacity called?
Immune deficiency
Which condition is characterized by complete or partial lack of the thymus and parathyroid glands, and the presence of cardiac anomalies?
DiGeorge syndrome
Which condition results in total lack of T-cell function and a severe lack of B-cell function?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Which deficiency results in recurrent life-threatening bacterial infections and unusual disseminated infections with Neisseria spp.?
C3 deficiency
What can result in recurrent life-threatening infections such as septicemia and disseminated pyogenic lesions?
Defects in phagocyte function
What are autoinflammatory disorders characterized by?
Abnormally high levels of inflammation secondary to mutations in control of inflammasome activation or in defects in cellular receptors of cytokines designed to decrease inflammation
What causes acquired immunodeficiencies?
Superimposed conditions such as aging, malnutrition, infections, malignancies, physical or psychologic trauma, environmental factors, some medical treatments, or other diseases
How are deficient antibody production usually treated?
By replacement of missing immunoglobulins with commercial gamma-globulin preparations
How are lymphocyte deficiencies usually treated?
With the replacement of host lymphocytes with transplants of bone marrow, fetal liver, or fetal thymus from a donor
Test your knowledge of hypersensitivity reactions with this quiz on allergy, autoimmunity, and alloimmunity. Explore the different types of inappropriate immune responses, including autoimmunity, alloimmunity, allergy, and immune deficiency.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
