33 Questions
Where can rapidly dividing B cells and plasma cells be found?
Lymph Nodes
Which organ holds many dendritic cells and macrophages and is known as the 'filter of the Blood'?
Spleen
What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the human body?
Developing immunity to oral pathogens
What causes the swelling of tonsils?
An active immune response to infection
Where are lymphoid nodules typically found in the human body?
Respiratory and digestive tracts
Which vessels enter the lymph node?
Afferent lymphatic vessels
What is the primary function of helper T cells?
Secrete cytokines to enhance other immune responses
Which type of T cell is responsible for directly killing infected or cancerous cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the primary function of B cells?
Recognize unprocessed antigens and secrete antibodies
What is the role of IgA antibodies in the immune response?
IgA antibodies are found in exocrine secretions, such as breast milk, to provide mucosal immunity
What is the key difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity leads to immunological memory, while passive immunity does not
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune system?
Suppress other T cell immune responses
What is the purpose of the negative selection process during T cell development in the thymus?
To eliminate T cells that might attack one's own body
What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?
Induce apoptosis in target cells
What is the primary function of the clonal expansion process in the adaptive immune response?
To generate a strong response against a specific pathogen
What is the purpose of the positive selection process during T cell development in the thymus?
To select for T cells that can bind to self-antigen MHC complexes
What is the primary reason why an HIV vaccine has been difficult to develop?
HIV mutates rapidly, making it challenging to target with a vaccine.
In a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, what is the primary mechanism?
IgE antibodies bind to mast cells, causing degranulation and rapid symptoms.
In autoimmune diseases, what is the primary mechanism?
The immune system attacks the body's own cells due to a breakdown in tolerance.
Which of the following statements about organ transplantation is true?
Matching MHC alleles between donor and recipient is crucial for transplant success.
What is the role of the immune system in cancer?
A healthy immune system can control some cancers, but cancer often evades it.
Which of the following statements about autoimmune diseases is true?
Autoimmune diseases are less common in countries with high rates of infectious diseases.
Why is an antibody ineffective against a virus inside a cell?
Antibodies cannot penetrate the cell membrane
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by pathogens to evade the immune response?
Stimulating an overactive immune response
What is the primary cause of the high mutation rate in influenza viruses?
The sloppy nature of their replication process
Which of the following is an inherited immunodeficiency disorder?
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
What was the treatment for the "boy in the bubble" who had SCID?
Bone marrow transplant
What is seroconversion in the context of HIV/AIDS?
The development of antibodies against HIV
Which of the following is true about B cells?
They develop in the red bone marrow and differentiate into plasma cells after binding an antigen
What is the primary function of plasma cells?
Secrete soluble antibodies
Where do T cells mature?
In the thymus gland
Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ?
Bone marrow
What is the primary function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Provide the innate immune response and first line of defense against viruses and some cancers
Test your knowledge on the differentiation process of immune cells such as B cells, T cells, plasma cells, and natural killer cells. Learn about their functions and roles in the immune response.
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