38 Questions
What is the primary purpose of studying classical ethical theories?
To cultivate the capacity for moral choice
What is the role of ethical theories in evaluating moral judgments?
Establishing the validity of moral principles
What is the benefit of having a knowledge of ethical theory?
It frees us from prejudice and dogmatism
What is the primary goal of classical ethical theories?
To establish a comprehensive system of moral principles
What is the outcome of studying ethical theories?
Cultivating the capacity for moral choice
What is the role of ethical theories in moral valuation?
Helping in developing moral valuation faculty
What is the significance of studying classical ethical theories?
It helps in developing moral valuation faculty
What is the relationship between ethical theories and moral principles?
Ethical theories are systematic attempts to establish moral principles
What is the primary source of the Divine Law according to Aquinas?
The Scriptures
What is the characteristic of a Human Law that is considered unjust?
It advances the interest of the law-giver
What is the role of virtues in achieving happiness according to Aquinas?
They incline us towards good and provide personal principles
What is the relationship between the Eternal Law and the Divine Law according to Aquinas?
The Divine Law is part of the Eternal Law
What is the purpose of the Natural Law according to the text?
To provide a reasonable code of conduct to lead us towards the highest good
What is the similarity between Aquinas and Aristotle's philosophies?
Importance of virtues in achieving happiness
What is the primary faculty that Immanuel Kant's supreme principle of morality is based on?
Reason
What is the term for the 'rules' that guide human behavior, according to Kant?
Maxims
What is the key question that Kant suggests we should ask ourselves when deciding on a maxim?
What if everyone were obliged to follow it?
According to Kant, what is the only type of good that truly matters?
Good will
What is the name of the moral ideology that Immanuel Kant is a key proponent of?
Deontology
What is the origin of the term 'deontology'?
From the Greek word 'deon', meaning duty
What is the primary goal of Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy?
To develop a supreme principle of morality
What is the characteristic of moral obligations in Kant's philosophy?
They are universal and binding for all rational creatures
What is the primary purpose of the felicific calculus in the context of utilitarianism?
To calculate the quantity of pleasure or pain resulting from an action
According to Mill, what is the primary distinction between human and animal pleasures?
Humans have a higher capacity for intellectual pleasures than animals
What is the seventh criterion of the felicific calculus?
Extensiveness
According to utilitarianism, what is the primary consideration in evaluating the morality of an action?
The pleasure or pain experienced by the largest number of people
How does Mill depart from Bentham's approach to utility?
Mill prioritizes qualitative distinctions, while Bentham prioritizes quantitative measurements
What is the primary implication of utilitarianism, according to the text?
That the happiness of the largest number of people is the primary consideration
What is the significance of the concept of 'purity' in the felicific calculus?
It refers to the degree to which the sensation is unmixed with pain
What is the primary concern of Mill in evaluating the morality of an action, according to the text?
The intellectual or base nature of the pleasure or pain
What is the key aspect of a video presentation that demonstrates a deep understanding of theoretical ethics?
Connecting an ethical theory to a real-world issue
What is the primary focus of the video presentation?
Connecting an ethical theory to a real-world issue
Why is it essential to practice the delivery of the video presentation beforehand?
To improve the speaker's confidence
What is the significance of using visuals in the video presentation?
To support the speaker's points and facilitate understanding
What is the consequence of submitting a video presentation that does not meet the instructor's guidelines?
The video will be rejected
What is the importance of citing sources in the video presentation?
To acknowledge the contributions of other researchers
What is the assessment criteria for the application of ethical theory in the video presentation?
Clear and accurate application of ethical theory to the ethical issue
What is the characteristic of a successful video presentation?
Well-organized and confident
Study Notes
Immanuel Kant's Moral Philosophy
- Kant aims to develop a "supreme principle of morality" based on reason, making it universally binding for all rational beings.
- He believes that moral laws are not relative to cultural, historical, or religious circumstances, but rather depend on the faculty of reason.
- Kant's moral philosophy is key to reflection, as it focuses on the role of reason in cultivating the desire to do the right thing.
Deontology
- Deontology originates from the Greek word "deon," meaning duty.
- Kant, the main proponent of deontology, asserts that human beings have a rational will that can act according to determined principles.
- Maxims are "rules" we live by, and Kant argues that we should act according to a maxim as if everyone were obliged to follow it.
- The only good that counts is good will, according to Kant.
Ethical Theories
- Ethical theories are systematic attempts to establish the validity of upholding moral principles.
- They provide a framework for evaluating reasons and making moral judgments.
- Understanding ethical theories is valuable in developing moral valuation faculties.
Natural Law Theory
- Natural Law is the Divine will that governs human action and provides a reasonable code of conduct to lead to the highest good.
- According to Aquinas, there are four types of laws: Eternal Law, Divine Law, Natural Law, and Human Law.
- Human Laws are considered unjust if they advance the interest of the law-giver, exceed their power, or impose burdens unequally on the people.
Virtue Ethics
- Virtues are habits that incline us towards good and provide personal principles to achieve happiness or moral way of living.
- Aquinas places importance on the formation of virtues to determine the right action in a situation.
Utilitarianism
- The felicific calculus involves seven criteria to measure the value of a pleasure or pain: intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, purity, fecundity, and extensiveness.
- Mill departs from Bentham's quantitative approach to pleasure, emphasizing qualitative distinctions in assessing utility.
- Utilitarianism promotes the kind of pleasures appropriate to humans, distinguishing between higher intellectual and lower base pleasures.
- The principle of the greatest number means that utilitarianism is not about individual pleasure or happiness alone, but rather about promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
Quiz on Immanuel Kant's concept of the supreme principle of morality, based on the faculty of reason. Learn how it is binding for all creatures with reason.
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