Image Processing: Handling Extreme Pixel Intensities Quiz

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What is the necessary condition for using PMF and CDF in histogram equalization?

Non-monotonic function
Monotonic function (correct)
Continuous function
Discrete function

What is the purpose of CDF in histogram equalization?

Calculating the probability of each pixel value in an image
Finding the new pixel intensities by multiplying by levels
Equalizing all the pixel values of an image
Gives the cumulative sum of the pixel values' probabilities (correct)

In histogram equalization, what does PMF help us calculate?

The new pixel intensities
The probability of each pixel value in an image (correct)
The cumulative sum of pixel values' probabilities
The levels for multiplying the CDF

What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

Depends on the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does histogram equalization aim to enhance in an image?

Image contrast (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

To represent the frequency of pixel intensity values (D) Signup and view all the answers

In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

Gray level intensities (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many levels of gray are typically represented in an 8-bpp image?

256 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization in image processing?

To enhance the contrast of an image (A) Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what is the objective when redistributing pixel intensity values?

To achieve a uniform cumulative distribution function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

To enhance the contrast of an image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on the overall shape of the histogram?

The overall shape of the histogram becomes more varied (D) Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what is the final step after mapping the new gray level values onto the histogram?

Comparing the original and equalized histograms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching?

Histogram equalization enhances the contrast by redistributing pixel intensities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

It ensures that the new gray level values are evenly distributed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

To enhance the contrast of an image (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for stretching the histogram of an image to increase the contrast?

$f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{Minimum}) / ( ext{Maximum} - ext{Minimum}) \times 255$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the shape of the histogram after histogram stretching?

It becomes wider and more spread out (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does histogram stretching fail in some cases?

Because it can cause loss of image detail (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast of an image after histogram equalization if the original contrast was 200?

Contrast = 255 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if pixel intensities 0 and 255 are present in an image during histogram equalization?

They become the minimum and maximum pixel intensity, ruining the formula (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study probability in the context of histogram equalization?

To apply probability mass function and cumulative density function in image processing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does PMF stand for?

Probability Mass Function (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is PMF calculated from a matrix of an image?

By computing the probability of each number in the matrix (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization?

To increase the contrast of an image by stretching its histogram (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when 0 is added to the pixel intensities in the image?

Only the pixel values at 0 intensity are shifted to 50 intensity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image have?

Makes the original image look darker (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram stretching enhance contrast in images?

It expands the range of pixel intensities in the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

To make the original image look darker (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

An increase in brightness of the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of histogram equalization?

To equalize the distribution of pixel intensities in the image (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to image enhancement?

By stretching the range of pixel intensities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

It maps the input pixel intensities to the output intensities for equalization (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization affect pixel distribution in an image?

It redistributes the pixels uniformly across the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

By amplifying the differences between pixel intensities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using histogram equalization for image enhancement?

It provides a more consistent and uniform representation of pixel intensities (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for determining the transformation function used in histogram equalization?

Cumulative distribution function (CDF) (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization impact very dark or very bright images?

It brightens very dark images and darkens very bright images for a balanced contrast (B) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

It applies separate equalization to each color channel independently (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

By amplifying subtle differences in pixel intensity values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

Histogram stretching expands the histogram, while histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of histogram stretching, what role does the formula $f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{min value}) imes rac{ ext{levels of gray} - 1}{ ext{max value} - ext{min value}}$ play?

It maps the pixel intensity values onto the stretched histogram. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

When the image has a large number of pixels with similar intensities. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on color images?

It has no significant impact on color images. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the shape and symmetry of the stretched histogram after applying histogram stretching?

It indicates that the contrast has been effectively increased. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding 50 to each pixel intensity in an image?

It shifts all pixel values towards the right (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image do?

It makes the image darker (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of histogram stretching in image enhancement?

To increase the contrast in the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does decreasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding affect the pixel distribution?

It compresses the pixel values towards the center of the histogram (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

To visualize and analyze changes in pixel distribution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

It ensures uniform distribution of pixel intensities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of PMF (probability mass function) in histogram equalization of images?

It helps in calculating the cumulative distribution function (CDF) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does histogram stretching sometimes fail to enhance image contrast effectively?

It relies on the presence of specific pixel intensities (D) Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

Increase in brightness of the image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image have during image enhancement?

Decreases contrast and brightness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

It gives the cumulative sum of pixel values in an image. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF by levels in histogram equalization?

It calculates the new pixel intensities of an image. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

By redistributing pixel intensity values based on PMF and CDF. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

Histogram stretching enhances contrast using a linear transformation, while histogram equalization uses non-linear mapping. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

It converts the image to grayscale for equalization. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

100 at each index (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the contrast in an image?

The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of adding a value to each matrix value of an image to increase brightness?

The overall increase in pixel intensity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

Histogram stretching works on individual pixel values, while equalization works on distribution (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast contribute to the image enhancement process?

By improving the visual clarity and sharpness of details (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image enhancement?

To shift the histogram rightwards or leftwards to manipulate brightness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sliding an image's histogram towards the right have on the image?

It brightens the image (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast affect image enhancement through histogram sliding?

High contrast results in a sharper, more defined image with greater visual impact (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a value of 50 is added to an image during histogram sliding?

The histogram slides towards the right, brightening the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram sliding contribute to improving very dark images?

By increasing the contrast and redistributing pixel intensity values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

To predict the content of an image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of histogram equalization in image enhancement?

It redistributes pixel intensity values to improve the overall appearance of an image (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

By redistributing pixel intensity values to enhance the overall appearance of an image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

Histogram stretching redistributes pixel intensities while histogram equalization adjusts brightness levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on very dark or very bright images?

It redistributes pixel intensity values in dark images to improve their appearance (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

When there is significant variation in pixel intensity values across the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

To ensure homogeneity in brightness and contrast distribution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of using histograms for brightness purposes?

To analyze the frequency distribution of pixel intensity values (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

The overall appearance of the image is getting brighter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CDF in histogram equalization?

Determining the transformation function for the histogram (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

It redistributes pixel intensity values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

The overall shape of the histogram changes in equalization but not in stretching (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

Contrast increases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

To analyze and improve the distribution of pixel intensities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image?

The image becomes darker (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram?

The image becomes brighter (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of histogram equalization, what is the purpose of CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function)?

To map the new gray level values onto the histogram (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of histograms in contrast enhancement?

Improving sharpness (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

When there is low contrast in the original image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the PMF stand for in the context of digital image processing?

Probability Mass Function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for studying Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of digital image processing?

To understand contrast enhancement techniques (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is Probability Mass Function (PMF) calculated in digital image processing?

Using a matrix derived from the image intensities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pixel intensities of 0 and 255 in digital image processing?

They lead to a fail case in histogram stretching (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of histogram equalization?

To achieve uniform brightness and contrast enhancement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image processing?

To manipulate the brightness of the image by shifting the histogram (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding involve?

Shifting the histogram rightwards and adding a value to the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by contrast in the context of digital image processing?

The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of manipulating brightness in digital image processing?

To improve visualization and perception of the image (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram sliding contribute to changing the appearance of an image?

By shifting the histogram to manipulate brightness (C) Signup and view all the answers

In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

Range of pixel values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the y-axis in an image histogram show?

Frequency of pixel intensities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the range of the x-axis in an image histogram?

It displays the pixel intensity values (B) Signup and view all the answers

What information is shown by the different heights of the bars in a histogram?

Frequency of pixel intensities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does an image histogram display on its y-axis?

Frequency of pixel intensities (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of image processing, how can histograms be compared to x-rays of bones?

Both are used to analyze the internal structure of objects (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is brightness defined in the context of digital image processing?

The amount of light energy emitted by a source relative to another source (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing for brightness purposes?

To analyze the brightness distribution within an image (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

By enhancing the sharpness and clarity of edges and features (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

Histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensity values, while histogram stretching compresses the range of pixel values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

100 at each index (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing or decreasing brightness refer to in the context of digital image processing?

Changing the overall pixel intensity of the image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does contrast refer to in digital image processing?

The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between histogram equalization and histogram stretching?

Histogram equalization redistributes pixel values evenly across the entire dynamic range, while histogram stretching compresses or expands specific portions of the dynamic range. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'matrix values' refer to in the context of digital image processing?

The mathematical representation of an image (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does performing simple addition or subtraction affect brightness in digital images?

It changes the overall pixel intensity of the image (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'sliding an image's histogram towards the right' in digital image processing?

Increasing the brightness of dark areas in the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast contribute to digital image enhancement?

By expanding or compressing specific portions of the dynamic range (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'pixel intensity' in digital images?

'Pixel brightness' as perceived by human vision (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Shifting all pixel values towards higher intensity levels' is most likely to have what effect on an image?

'White washing' effect, making all pixels appear brighter (D) Signup and view all the answers

Image Processing: Handling Extreme Pixel Intensities Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the necessary condition for using PMF and CDF in histogram equalization?

What is the purpose of CDF in histogram equalization?

In histogram equalization, what does PMF help us calculate?

What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

What does histogram equalization aim to enhance in an image?

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

How many levels of gray are typically represented in an 8-bpp image?

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization in image processing?

In histogram equalization, what is the objective when redistributing pixel intensity values?

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

What effect does histogram equalization have on the overall shape of the histogram?

In histogram equalization, what is the final step after mapping the new gray level values onto the histogram?

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching?

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

What is the formula for stretching the histogram of an image to increase the contrast?

What happens to the shape of the histogram after histogram stretching?

Why does histogram stretching fail in some cases?

What is the contrast of an image after histogram equalization if the original contrast was 200?

What happens if pixel intensities 0 and 255 are present in an image during histogram equalization?

Why is it important to study probability in the context of histogram equalization?

What does PMF stand for?

How is PMF calculated from a matrix of an image?

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization?

What happens when 0 is added to the pixel intensities in the image?

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image have?

How does histogram stretching enhance contrast in images?

What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

What is the primary objective of histogram equalization?

How does histogram equalization contribute to image enhancement?

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

How does histogram equalization affect pixel distribution in an image?

In what way does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

What is a key advantage of using histogram equalization for image enhancement?

Which process is responsible for determining the transformation function used in histogram equalization?

How does histogram equalization impact very dark or very bright images?

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

In the context of histogram stretching, what role does the formula $f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{min value}) imes rac{ ext{levels of gray} - 1}{ ext{max value} - ext{min value}}$ play?

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

What effect does histogram equalization have on color images?

What is the significance of the shape and symmetry of the stretched histogram after applying histogram stretching?

What is the effect of adding 50 to each pixel intensity in an image?

What does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image do?

What is the primary purpose of histogram stretching in image enhancement?

How does decreasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding affect the pixel distribution?

What is one of the advantages of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

What is the primary role of PMF (probability mass function) in histogram equalization of images?

Why does histogram stretching sometimes fail to enhance image contrast effectively?

In histogram equalization, what does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image have during image enhancement?

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF by levels in histogram equalization?

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

Which factor determines the contrast in an image?

What is the primary outcome of adding a value to each matrix value of an image to increase brightness?

What is the fundamental difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

How does contrast contribute to the image enhancement process?

What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image enhancement?

What effect does sliding an image's histogram towards the right have on the image?

How does contrast affect image enhancement through histogram sliding?

What happens when a value of 50 is added to an image during histogram sliding?

How does histogram sliding contribute to improving very dark images?

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

What is the significance of histogram equalization in image enhancement?

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

What effect does histogram equalization have on very dark or very bright images?

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?