Image Processing: Handling Extreme Pixel Intensities Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the necessary condition for using PMF and CDF in histogram equalization?

  • Non-monotonic function
  • Monotonic function (correct)
  • Continuous function
  • Discrete function

What is the purpose of CDF in histogram equalization?

  • Calculating the probability of each pixel value in an image
  • Finding the new pixel intensities by multiplying by levels
  • Equalizing all the pixel values of an image
  • Gives the cumulative sum of the pixel values' probabilities (correct)

In histogram equalization, what does PMF help us calculate?

  • The new pixel intensities
  • The probability of each pixel value in an image (correct)
  • The cumulative sum of pixel values' probabilities
  • The levels for multiplying the CDF

What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

<p>Depends on the image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does histogram equalization aim to enhance in an image?

<p>Image contrast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

<p>To represent the frequency of pixel intensity values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

<p>Gray level intensities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many levels of gray are typically represented in an 8-bpp image?

<p>256 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization in image processing?

<p>To enhance the contrast of an image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what is the objective when redistributing pixel intensity values?

<p>To achieve a uniform cumulative distribution function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

<p>To enhance the contrast of an image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on the overall shape of the histogram?

<p>The overall shape of the histogram becomes more varied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what is the final step after mapping the new gray level values onto the histogram?

<p>Comparing the original and equalized histograms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching?

<p>Histogram equalization enhances the contrast by redistributing pixel intensities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

<p>It ensures that the new gray level values are evenly distributed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

<p>To enhance the contrast of an image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for stretching the histogram of an image to increase the contrast?

<p>$f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{Minimum}) / ( ext{Maximum} - ext{Minimum}) \times 255$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the shape of the histogram after histogram stretching?

<p>It becomes wider and more spread out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does histogram stretching fail in some cases?

<p>Because it can cause loss of image detail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast of an image after histogram equalization if the original contrast was 200?

<p>Contrast = 255 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if pixel intensities 0 and 255 are present in an image during histogram equalization?

<p>They become the minimum and maximum pixel intensity, ruining the formula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study probability in the context of histogram equalization?

<p>To apply probability mass function and cumulative density function in image processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PMF stand for?

<p>Probability Mass Function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is PMF calculated from a matrix of an image?

<p>By computing the probability of each number in the matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of histogram equalization?

<p>To increase the contrast of an image by stretching its histogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when 0 is added to the pixel intensities in the image?

<p>Only the pixel values at 0 intensity are shifted to 50 intensity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image have?

<p>Makes the original image look darker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram stretching enhance contrast in images?

<p>It expands the range of pixel intensities in the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

<p>To make the original image look darker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

<p>An increase in brightness of the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of histogram equalization?

<p>To equalize the distribution of pixel intensities in the image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to image enhancement?

<p>By stretching the range of pixel intensities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

<p>It maps the input pixel intensities to the output intensities for equalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization affect pixel distribution in an image?

<p>It redistributes the pixels uniformly across the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

<p>By amplifying the differences between pixel intensities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using histogram equalization for image enhancement?

<p>It provides a more consistent and uniform representation of pixel intensities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for determining the transformation function used in histogram equalization?

<p>Cumulative distribution function (CDF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization impact very dark or very bright images?

<p>It brightens very dark images and darkens very bright images for a balanced contrast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

<p>It applies separate equalization to each color channel independently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

<p>By amplifying subtle differences in pixel intensity values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

<p>Histogram stretching expands the histogram, while histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of histogram stretching, what role does the formula $f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{min value}) imes rac{ ext{levels of gray} - 1}{ ext{max value} - ext{min value}}$ play?

<p>It maps the pixel intensity values onto the stretched histogram. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

<p>When the image has a large number of pixels with similar intensities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on color images?

<p>It has no significant impact on color images. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the shape and symmetry of the stretched histogram after applying histogram stretching?

<p>It indicates that the contrast has been effectively increased. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding 50 to each pixel intensity in an image?

<p>It shifts all pixel values towards the right (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image do?

<p>It makes the image darker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of histogram stretching in image enhancement?

<p>To increase the contrast in the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does decreasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding affect the pixel distribution?

<p>It compresses the pixel values towards the center of the histogram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

<p>To visualize and analyze changes in pixel distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

<p>It ensures uniform distribution of pixel intensities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of PMF (probability mass function) in histogram equalization of images?

<p>It helps in calculating the cumulative distribution function (CDF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does histogram stretching sometimes fail to enhance image contrast effectively?

<p>It relies on the presence of specific pixel intensities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In histogram equalization, what does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

<p>Increase in brightness of the image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image have during image enhancement?

<p>Decreases contrast and brightness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

<p>It gives the cumulative sum of pixel values in an image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF by levels in histogram equalization?

<p>It calculates the new pixel intensities of an image. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

<p>By redistributing pixel intensity values based on PMF and CDF. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

<p>Histogram stretching enhances contrast using a linear transformation, while histogram equalization uses non-linear mapping. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

<p>It converts the image to grayscale for equalization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

<p>100 at each index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the contrast in an image?

<p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of adding a value to each matrix value of an image to increase brightness?

<p>The overall increase in pixel intensity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

<p>Histogram stretching works on individual pixel values, while equalization works on distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast contribute to the image enhancement process?

<p>By improving the visual clarity and sharpness of details (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image enhancement?

<p>To shift the histogram rightwards or leftwards to manipulate brightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sliding an image's histogram towards the right have on the image?

<p>It brightens the image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast affect image enhancement through histogram sliding?

<p>High contrast results in a sharper, more defined image with greater visual impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a value of 50 is added to an image during histogram sliding?

<p>The histogram slides towards the right, brightening the image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram sliding contribute to improving very dark images?

<p>By increasing the contrast and redistributing pixel intensity values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

<p>To predict the content of an image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of histogram equalization in image enhancement?

<p>It redistributes pixel intensity values to improve the overall appearance of an image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

<p>By redistributing pixel intensity values to enhance the overall appearance of an image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

<p>Histogram stretching redistributes pixel intensities while histogram equalization adjusts brightness levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does histogram equalization have on very dark or very bright images?

<p>It redistributes pixel intensity values in dark images to improve their appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

<p>When there is significant variation in pixel intensity values across the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

<p>To ensure homogeneity in brightness and contrast distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of using histograms for brightness purposes?

<p>To analyze the frequency distribution of pixel intensity values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

<p>The overall appearance of the image is getting brighter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CDF in histogram equalization?

<p>Determining the transformation function for the histogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

<p>It redistributes pixel intensity values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

<p>The overall shape of the histogram changes in equalization but not in stretching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

<p>Contrast increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

<p>To analyze and improve the distribution of pixel intensities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image?

<p>The image becomes darker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram?

<p>The image becomes brighter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of histogram equalization, what is the purpose of CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function)?

<p>To map the new gray level values onto the histogram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of histograms in contrast enhancement?

<p>Improving sharpness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

<p>When there is low contrast in the original image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the PMF stand for in the context of digital image processing?

<p>Probability Mass Function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for studying Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of digital image processing?

<p>To understand contrast enhancement techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Probability Mass Function (PMF) calculated in digital image processing?

<p>Using a matrix derived from the image intensities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pixel intensities of 0 and 255 in digital image processing?

<p>They lead to a fail case in histogram stretching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of histogram equalization?

<p>To achieve uniform brightness and contrast enhancement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image processing?

<p>To manipulate the brightness of the image by shifting the histogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding involve?

<p>Shifting the histogram rightwards and adding a value to the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by contrast in the context of digital image processing?

<p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of manipulating brightness in digital image processing?

<p>To improve visualization and perception of the image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram sliding contribute to changing the appearance of an image?

<p>By shifting the histogram to manipulate brightness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

<p>Range of pixel values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the y-axis in an image histogram show?

<p>Frequency of pixel intensities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the range of the x-axis in an image histogram?

<p>It displays the pixel intensity values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is shown by the different heights of the bars in a histogram?

<p>Frequency of pixel intensities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an image histogram display on its y-axis?

<p>Frequency of pixel intensities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of image processing, how can histograms be compared to x-rays of bones?

<p>Both are used to analyze the internal structure of objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is brightness defined in the context of digital image processing?

<p>The amount of light energy emitted by a source relative to another source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing for brightness purposes?

<p>To analyze the brightness distribution within an image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

<p>By enhancing the sharpness and clarity of edges and features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

<p>Histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensity values, while histogram stretching compresses the range of pixel values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

<p>100 at each index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increasing or decreasing brightness refer to in the context of digital image processing?

<p>Changing the overall pixel intensity of the image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does contrast refer to in digital image processing?

<p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between histogram equalization and histogram stretching?

<p>Histogram equalization redistributes pixel values evenly across the entire dynamic range, while histogram stretching compresses or expands specific portions of the dynamic range. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'matrix values' refer to in the context of digital image processing?

<p>The mathematical representation of an image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does performing simple addition or subtraction affect brightness in digital images?

<p>It changes the overall pixel intensity of the image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'sliding an image's histogram towards the right' in digital image processing?

<p>Increasing the brightness of dark areas in the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does contrast contribute to digital image enhancement?

<p>By expanding or compressing specific portions of the dynamic range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'pixel intensity' in digital images?

<p>'Pixel brightness' as perceived by human vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Shifting all pixel values towards higher intensity levels' is most likely to have what effect on an image?

<p>'White washing' effect, making all pixels appear brighter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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