Image Processing: Handling Extreme Pixel Intensities Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the necessary condition for using PMF and CDF in histogram equalization?

  • Non-monotonic function
  • Monotonic function (correct)
  • Continuous function
  • Discrete function

    • What is the purpose of CDF in histogram equalization?

  • Calculating the probability of each pixel value in an image
  • Finding the new pixel intensities by multiplying by levels
  • Equalizing all the pixel values of an image
  • Gives the cumulative sum of the pixel values' probabilities (correct)

    • In histogram equalization, what does PMF help us calculate?

  • The new pixel intensities
  • The probability of each pixel value in an image (correct)
  • The cumulative sum of pixel values' probabilities
  • The levels for multiplying the CDF

    • What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

    <p>Depends on the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does histogram equalization aim to enhance in an image?

    <p>Image contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

    <p>To represent the frequency of pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

    <p>Gray level intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many levels of gray are typically represented in an 8-bpp image?

    <p>256</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of histogram equalization in image processing?

    <p>To enhance the contrast of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In histogram equalization, what is the objective when redistributing pixel intensity values?

    <p>To achieve a uniform cumulative distribution function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

    <p>To enhance the contrast of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does histogram equalization have on the overall shape of the histogram?

    <p>The overall shape of the histogram becomes more varied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In histogram equalization, what is the final step after mapping the new gray level values onto the histogram?

    <p>Comparing the original and equalized histograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching?

    <p>Histogram equalization enhances the contrast by redistributing pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

    <p>It ensures that the new gray level values are evenly distributed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of histogram equalization?

    <p>To enhance the contrast of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for stretching the histogram of an image to increase the contrast?

    <p>$f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{Minimum}) / ( ext{Maximum} - ext{Minimum}) \times 255$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the shape of the histogram after histogram stretching?

    <p>It becomes wider and more spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does histogram stretching fail in some cases?

    <p>Because it can cause loss of image detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contrast of an image after histogram equalization if the original contrast was 200?

    <p>Contrast = 255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if pixel intensities 0 and 255 are present in an image during histogram equalization?

    <p>They become the minimum and maximum pixel intensity, ruining the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to study probability in the context of histogram equalization?

    <p>To apply probability mass function and cumulative density function in image processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PMF stand for?

    <p>Probability Mass Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is PMF calculated from a matrix of an image?

    <p>By computing the probability of each number in the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of histogram equalization?

    <p>To increase the contrast of an image by stretching its histogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when 0 is added to the pixel intensities in the image?

    <p>Only the pixel values at 0 intensity are shifted to 50 intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image have?

    <p>Makes the original image look darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram stretching enhance contrast in images?

    <p>It expands the range of pixel intensities in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

    <p>To make the original image look darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

    <p>An increase in brightness of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of histogram equalization?

    <p>To equalize the distribution of pixel intensities in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization contribute to image enhancement?

    <p>By stretching the range of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

    <p>It maps the input pixel intensities to the output intensities for equalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization affect pixel distribution in an image?

    <p>It redistributes the pixels uniformly across the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

    <p>By amplifying the differences between pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using histogram equalization for image enhancement?

    <p>It provides a more consistent and uniform representation of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for determining the transformation function used in histogram equalization?

    <p>Cumulative distribution function (CDF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization impact very dark or very bright images?

    <p>It brightens very dark images and darkens very bright images for a balanced contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

    <p>It applies separate equalization to each color channel independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

    <p>By amplifying subtle differences in pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

    <p>Histogram stretching expands the histogram, while histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of histogram stretching, what role does the formula $f(x, y) = (f(x, y) - ext{min value}) imes rac{ ext{levels of gray} - 1}{ ext{max value} - ext{min value}}$ play?

    <p>It maps the pixel intensity values onto the stretched histogram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

    <p>When the image has a large number of pixels with similar intensities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does histogram equalization have on color images?

    <p>It has no significant impact on color images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the shape and symmetry of the stretched histogram after applying histogram stretching?

    <p>It indicates that the contrast has been effectively increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding 50 to each pixel intensity in an image?

    <p>It shifts all pixel values towards the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image do?

    <p>It makes the image darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of histogram stretching in image enhancement?

    <p>To increase the contrast in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding affect the pixel distribution?

    <p>It compresses the pixel values towards the center of the histogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

    <p>To visualize and analyze changes in pixel distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

    <p>It ensures uniform distribution of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PMF (probability mass function) in histogram equalization of images?

    <p>It helps in calculating the cumulative distribution function (CDF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does histogram stretching sometimes fail to enhance image contrast effectively?

    <p>It relies on the presence of specific pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In histogram equalization, what does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

    <p>Increase in brightness of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in a new image have during image enhancement?

    <p>Decreases contrast and brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cumulative distribution function (CDF) play in histogram equalization?

    <p>It gives the cumulative sum of pixel values in an image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of multiplying the CDF by levels in histogram equalization?

    <p>It calculates the new pixel intensities of an image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

    <p>By redistributing pixel intensity values based on PMF and CDF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

    <p>Histogram stretching enhances contrast using a linear transformation, while histogram equalization uses non-linear mapping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does histogram equalization have on color images?

    <p>It converts the image to grayscale for equalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

    <p>100 at each index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the contrast in an image?

    <p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of adding a value to each matrix value of an image to increase brightness?

    <p>The overall increase in pixel intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

    <p>Histogram stretching works on individual pixel values, while equalization works on distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does contrast contribute to the image enhancement process?

    <p>By improving the visual clarity and sharpness of details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image enhancement?

    <p>To shift the histogram rightwards or leftwards to manipulate brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sliding an image's histogram towards the right have on the image?

    <p>It brightens the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does contrast affect image enhancement through histogram sliding?

    <p>High contrast results in a sharper, more defined image with greater visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a value of 50 is added to an image during histogram sliding?

    <p>The histogram slides towards the right, brightening the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram sliding contribute to improving very dark images?

    <p>By increasing the contrast and redistributing pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing?

    <p>To predict the content of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of histogram equalization in image enhancement?

    <p>It redistributes pixel intensity values to improve the overall appearance of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image contrast?

    <p>By redistributing pixel intensity values to enhance the overall appearance of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

    <p>Histogram stretching redistributes pixel intensities while histogram equalization adjusts brightness levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does histogram equalization have on very dark or very bright images?

    <p>It redistributes pixel intensity values in dark images to improve their appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

    <p>When there is significant variation in pixel intensity values across the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of subtracting a value from all the matrix of a new image after increasing its brightness?

    <p>To ensure homogeneity in brightness and contrast distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of using histograms for brightness purposes?

    <p>To analyze the frequency distribution of pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram indicate?

    <p>The overall appearance of the image is getting brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CDF in histogram equalization?

    <p>Determining the transformation function for the histogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of multiplying the CDF value by (Gray levels - 1) in histogram equalization?

    <p>It redistributes pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between histogram stretching and histogram equalization?

    <p>The overall shape of the histogram changes in equalization but not in stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to contrast when histogram equalization is performed?

    <p>Contrast increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using histograms in contrast enhancement?

    <p>To analyze and improve the distribution of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of subtracting 80 from all the pixel values in the new image?

    <p>The image becomes darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of shifting all pixel values towards the right in a histogram?

    <p>The image becomes brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of histogram equalization, what is the purpose of CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function)?

    <p>To map the new gray level values onto the histogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of histograms in contrast enhancement?

    <p>Improving sharpness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does histogram stretching fail to effectively increase the contrast of an image?

    <p>When there is low contrast in the original image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PMF stand for in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>Probability Mass Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for studying Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>To understand contrast enhancement techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Probability Mass Function (PMF) calculated in digital image processing?

    <p>Using a matrix derived from the image intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pixel intensities of 0 and 255 in digital image processing?

    <p>They lead to a fail case in histogram stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand Probability Mass Function (PMF) and Cumulative Density Function (CDF) in the context of histogram equalization?

    <p>To achieve uniform brightness and contrast enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of histogram sliding in image processing?

    <p>To manipulate the brightness of the image by shifting the histogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increasing the brightness of an image using histogram sliding involve?

    <p>Shifting the histogram rightwards and adding a value to the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by contrast in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of manipulating brightness in digital image processing?

    <p>To improve visualization and perception of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram sliding contribute to changing the appearance of an image?

    <p>By shifting the histogram to manipulate brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an image histogram, what does the x-axis represent?

    <p>Range of pixel values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the y-axis in an image histogram show?

    <p>Frequency of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the range of the x-axis in an image histogram?

    <p>It displays the pixel intensity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is shown by the different heights of the bars in a histogram?

    <p>Frequency of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an image histogram display on its y-axis?

    <p>Frequency of pixel intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of image processing, how can histograms be compared to x-rays of bones?

    <p>Both are used to analyze the internal structure of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is brightness defined in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>The amount of light energy emitted by a source relative to another source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using histograms in image processing for brightness purposes?

    <p>To analyze the brightness distribution within an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does histogram equalization contribute to improving image details?

    <p>By enhancing the sharpness and clarity of edges and features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes histogram equalization from histogram stretching in terms of contrast enhancement?

    <p>Histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensity values, while histogram stretching compresses the range of pixel values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding 5, 50, and 45 to the matrix values of image 1?

    <p>100 at each index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increasing or decreasing brightness refer to in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>Changing the overall pixel intensity of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contrast refer to in digital image processing?

    <p>The difference between maximum and minimum pixel intensity in an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between histogram equalization and histogram stretching?

    <p>Histogram equalization redistributes pixel values evenly across the entire dynamic range, while histogram stretching compresses or expands specific portions of the dynamic range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'matrix values' refer to in the context of digital image processing?

    <p>The mathematical representation of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does performing simple addition or subtraction affect brightness in digital images?

    <p>It changes the overall pixel intensity of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'sliding an image's histogram towards the right' in digital image processing?

    <p>Increasing the brightness of dark areas in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does contrast contribute to digital image enhancement?

    <p>By expanding or compressing specific portions of the dynamic range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'pixel intensity' in digital images?

    <p>'Pixel brightness' as perceived by human vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Shifting all pixel values towards higher intensity levels' is most likely to have what effect on an image?

    <p>'White washing' effect, making all pixels appear brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

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