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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of enhancement of the differences between images?
Which operation performs on gray-level images where light represents binary 1 and dark represents binary 0?
What is the primary purpose of spatial filtering using masks of odd sizes like 3x3 or 5x5?
In spatial filtering, what are the values in a filter sub-image called?
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Which operation performs only on a single image in image processing?
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What is the purpose of smoothing spatial filters in image processing?
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What is one of the purposes of blurring in image preprocessing?
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How can noise reduction be achieved in image preprocessing?
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What do averaging filters do to the pixels in an image?
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What is the main trade-off associated with smoothing techniques like blurring?
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How does a weighted average filter differ from a standard average filter?
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Study Notes
Image Preprocessing
- Blurring is used to remove small details from an image prior to object extraction and to bridge small gaps in lines or curves.
- Blurring can be used for noise reduction, which can be accomplished using linear and nonlinear filters.
Averaging Filters
- Averaging filters, also known as low-pass filters, work by replacing the value of every pixel with the average of the gray levels in the neighborhood.
- This process reduces "sharp" transitions in gray levels, resulting in noise reduction and blurring of edges.
Weighted Average Filter
- Weighted average filters reduce blurring in the smoothing process by weighting the center point the highest and reducing the value of the coefficients as a function of increasing distance from the origin.
Arithmetic and Logic Operations
- Arithmetic and logic operations are performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis between two or more images.
- NOT operation is an exception, which performs only on a single image, and is a negative transformation.
- Logic operations process pixel values as binary numbers, where light represents a binary 1 and dark represents a binary 0.
Image Enhancement
- Image enhancement can be achieved by setting the lower-order bit planes to zero, which removes fine detail and results in a visually identical image with a slight drop in overall contrast.
- Histogram equalization can be used to perform contrast stretching transformation, which enhances the differences between images.
Spatial Filtering
- Spatial filtering can be done using a filter (also called a mask, kernel, template, or window).
- The values in a filter sub-image are referred to as coefficients, rather than pixel values.
- Masks of odd sizes (e.g. 3x3, 5x5) are used, and the filter mask is moved from point to point in an image to calculate the response at each point.
Smoothing Spatial Filters
- Smoothing spatial filters are used for blurring and noise reduction.
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Description
This quiz covers arithmetic and logic operations performed on images pixel by pixel, including the NOT operation which is a negative transformation. Learn about how logic operations are applied to gray-level images and how to enhance the differences between images. Test your knowledge on setting bit planes to zero in images.
