11 Questions
Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:
Ilustrados = Middle- to upper-class Filipinos who were considered 'learned' or 'enlightened ones' Peninsulares = Mainland-born Spaniards residing in the Philippine colony Indios = Indigenous Filipinos Mestizos = Filipinos of mixed blood, half-Spanish ancestry
Match the following events with their significance:
GomBurZa martyrdom = Strengthened nationalist sentiments in the country Formation of the Propaganda Movement and Katipunan = Culminated in the Philippine Revolution of 1896 Magdalo faction's refusal to join Magdiwang faction = Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, highlighting lack of arms
Match the following literary works with their authors:
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo = Written by Jose Rizal as political novels Ninay = Considered the first Filipino novel, written by Pedro Paterno Sampaguitas = Collection of poems written in Tagalog by Pedro Paterno
Match the following social classes with their descriptions:
Hacenderos = Wealthy landowners in the Philippines New class of ilustrados = Middle- to upper-class Filipinos, many children of hacenderos Insulares = Spaniards born in the Philippine colony
Match the Filipino intellectuals with their contributions:
Dr. Jose Rizal = Wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Marcelo H. Del Pilar = Published the newspaper La Solidaridad advocating for reforms Katuna = An indigenous leader during Spanish colonization Lapu-Lapu = Led the resistance against Spanish colonization
Match the revolutionaries with their roles:
Dr. Jose Rizal = Inspired the Philippine Revolution through his writings Marcelo H. Del Pilar = Advocated for reforms and fought against Spanish oppression Katuna = An indigenous leader who resisted Spanish colonization Lapu-Lapu = Defeated Ferdinand Magellan in the Battle of Mactan
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
da/ra, ga, A diacritical mark = Modified the sound of the symbol into different vowel sounds Cuneus = Oldest Writing System Colonizers Spanish People = They want to spread their religious Beliefs First Mass = Held in Limasawa, Cebu
Match the Ilustrados with their activities:
Dr. Jose Rizal = Studied in Europe and wrote about the injustices of Spanish rule Marcelo H. Del Pilar = Published articles promoting Filipino rights and independence Katuna = Fought for the preservation of indigenous culture and traditions Lapu-Lapu = Defended the Philippines against foreign invaders
Match the following groups with their intentions towards the Philippines:
American People = They want to educate the Philippine people Japanese People = They wanted to protect Asia from Western influence Colonizers Spanish People = They want to spread their religious Beliefs Revolutionaries = Fought against colonial rule
Match the following types of Philippine folklore with their descriptions:
Folk narratives (epics) = Can be in verse and tell grand stories Folk speech = Includes riddles and proverbs Folk songs (folk ballads) = Those that tell a story and are rare Folklore = Refers to traditional knowledge of a group of people
Match the social classes in the Philippines with their characteristics:
Ilustrados = Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe advocating for reforms Revolutionaries = Individuals who actively fought against Spanish colonization Indios = Natives of the Philippines who resisted Spanish assimilation Munuvu = A group of people preserving their indigenous beliefs and practices
Study Notes
The Ilustrados
- A new class of middle- to upper-class Filipinos emerged, many of whom were children of wealthy landowners (hacenderos).
- They preferred not to win independence from Spain, instead seeking legal equality in the Philippine colony.
Social Classes in the Philippines
- Peninsulares: mainland-born Spaniards
- Indios: indigenous Filipinos
- Insulares: colony-born Spaniards
- Mestizos: Filipinos of mixed blood, half-Spanish
Nationalist Sentiments
- GomBurZa: three Filipino priests (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora) were martyred by the Spanish authorities in 1872, sparking nationalist sentiments.
- The martyrdom led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement and the Katipunan, culminating in the Philippine Revolution of 1896.
Philippine Literature
- Notable prose works include Rizal's political novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
- Pedro Paterno's Ninay (1885) is considered the first Filipino novel, written in Tagalog.
- Paterno's collection of poems, Sampaguitas (1880), was also written in Tagalog.
Philippine Mythology
- Early Filipinos believed in a supreme being or god/s, known by different names in various regions:
- Bathala (Tagalog)
- Mangetchay (Kapampangan)
- Gugurang (Bicol)
- Lumawig (Bontoc)
- Kabunian (Igorot)
- Liddum (Ifugao)
- Mahal Makakaako (Mangyan)
- Laon (Visayan)
- Magbabaya (Bukidnon)
- Sualla or Tullus (Tiruray)
- Melu (Blaan)
- Makalidug (Manobo)
- Diwata (Bagobo)
- Manama (Munuvu)
- Kadaw La Sambad and Bulon La Mogaw (Tiboli)
Philippine History
- The Philippines was discovered unintentionally by Ferdinand Magellan on March 17, 1521.
- Lapu-Lapu was a prominent figure during Spanish colonization.
- Dr. Jose Rizal and Marcel H. Del Pilar were notable figures during this period.
Philippine Literature Under Spanish Colonization
- Doctrina Christiana (1593) was the first book printed in the Philippines, written in Spanish and printed by the Dominican order.
- May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim was the first printed literary work in Tagalog.
- The kudlit (diacritical mark) was used to modify the sound of symbols into different vowel sounds.
Colonizers and Their Goals
- Spanish people wanted to spread their religious beliefs.
- American people wanted to educate the Philippine people.
- Japanese people wanted to protect Asia from Western influence.
Folklore
- Folklore refers to the traditional "lore" of a group of people bound together by common factors.
- The three major groups of Philippine folklore are:
- Folk narratives (prose and verse)
- Folk speech (riddles and proverbs)
- Folk songs (storytelling and non-storytelling)
Learn about the new class of ilustrados in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, made up of middle- to upper-class Filipinos striving for legal equality in the colony. Explore the distinctions between Peninsulares, Indios, Insulares, and Mestizos.
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