iLS Edexcel Revision: Typography, Punctuation, Organisation and Grammar

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of emboldening, italics, and underlining in typography?

To grab attention, emphasize important information, or reinforce what the writer is saying (correct)
To add decoration to the text
To indicate a pause or continuation
To shorten long sentences

What is an abbreviation?

An italicized word or phrase
The first letter of a series of words, pronounced together as one word
A shortened form of a word or phrase, such as 'approx.' for 'approximately' (correct)
A dash used to separate parts of a sentence

What is the function of a dash in punctuation?

To add emphasis to a sentence
To indicate a pause or continuation
To connect parts of a word
To separate parts of a sentence (correct)

What is an example of an acronym?

NASA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ellipsis?

To indicate a pause or continuation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a hyphen in punctuation?

To connect parts of a word (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an initialism?

The first letter of a series of words, pronounced as the letters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dash and a hyphen?

A dash is used to separate parts of a sentence, while a hyphen is used to connect parts of a word (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using ellipses in writing?

To build tension or suspense (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of brackets in writing?

To give extra information or clarify information (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using many commas in a sentence?

It slows down the pace of the sentence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using colons in writing?

To introduce a list or connect information (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using many full stops in a piece of writing?

It emphasizes the information or emotion in the sentences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using exclamation marks in writing?

To show strong feelings or emotions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using rhetorical questions in writing?

To make the writing more engaging and interactive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using semi-colons in writing?

To connect two related clauses into one sentence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using short sentences in a story?

To create a pause for suspense or tension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do single-line paragraphs typically do in a text?

Emphasise the information in the sentence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using subheadings in a text?

To organise the text into easy-to-find sections (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using bullet points in a text?

To clarify main points into a list (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using numbered lists in a text?

To show the order in which things happen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using titles in a text?

To inform the reader of the topic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using figures in a text?

To express associations or relations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using statistics in a text?

To express associations or relations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of imperative verbs in a sentence?

To give commands or instructions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'helping verbs' that give extra meaning to the main verb?

Auxiliary verbs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of words built around a noun?

Noun phrase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a noun phrase and an expanded noun phrase?

A noun phrase only includes the noun, while an expanded noun phrase includes modifiers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the 2nd person narrative in a text?

To speak directly to the reader (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the use of pronouns to show the point of view that the text is written from?

Narrative person (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tense that expresses a future action?

Future tense (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a verb tense that expresses a completed action in the past?

Past perfect tense (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of including contrast in a two-mark question?

To highlight the difference between what is expected and what actually happens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions requires a contrast between what the experts thought and what really happened?

Why the experts are wrong (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast between in the phrase 'Devastatingly, gorillas are endangered...'?

The positive and negative descriptions of the gorillas (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many marks are awarded for a question that requires the use of contrast?

Two marks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of 'hidden contrast' in the text?

The positive and negative descriptions of the gorillas (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to include contrast in a two-mark question?

To earn the maximum number of marks (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Typography

Emboldening, italics, and underlining are types of typographical emphasis, used to grab attention, emphasize important information, or reinforce the writer's message.

Punctuation

Dashes (—) separate parts of a sentence or used to indicate a break in thought.
Hyphens (-) connect parts of a word, e.g., high-speed, full-time, well-known.
Ellipses (...) show a pause or continuation, building tension or suspense.
Brackets () provide extra information or clarify meaning.
Commas (,) separate items in a list or clauses in a sentence.
Colons (:) introduce lists or connect information.
Semi-colons (;) connect two related clauses into one sentence.
Full stops (.) end sentences, using many can emphasize information or create a sense of pause.

Organisation

Subheadings organise a text into easy-to-find sections.
Bullet points clarify main points into a list.
Numbered lists show the order in which things happen or relative importance.
Single-line paragraphs emphasize information and create pause or suspense.

Grammar

Verb tenses (present, past, future) express when events take place.
Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) give extra meaning to the main verb.
Imperative verbs give commands or direct the reader to do something.
Direct/personal address uses 'you' to speak directly to the audience.
Noun phrases are groups of words built around a noun, and can be expanded to include modifying words.

Narrative Person

1st person: I/me/my
2nd person: you/your
3rd person: he/she/it/they/his/her/their/them

Contrast

Contrast is used to highlight differences between ideas or perspectives.
'Hidden contrast' questions in exams require identifying contrasts to achieve full marks.

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