Ikun Language Alphabet

• Lesson 1 focuses on recognizing the Ikun language alphabet

Ikun Alphabet

• The Ikun alphabet, used in the Ikun/Wintukwa language, consists of 27 letters or symbols
• The Ikun alphabet includes A - B - CH - D - E - F - G - I - J - J - K - M - N - Ñ - NH - O - P - R - S - SH - T - U - U - W - ( ’ ) - Y - Z

Pronunciation Rules

• The Arhuaco alphabet has a unique pronunciation characteristic
• Each consonant is articulated with the vowel U (u)
• The complete list of letters and their pronunciations: A: (a), B: (bu), CH: (chu), D: (du), E: (e), F: (fu), G: (gu), I: (i), J: (ju), J: (ju), K: (ku), M: (mu), N: (nu), Ñ: (ñu), NH: (enhe), O: (o), P: (pu), R: (ru), S: (su), SH: (sha), T: (tu), U: (u), U: (u), W: (wu), ‘: (i’naru), Y: (ya), Z: (zu)
• This pronunciation rule reinforces the cultural and linguistic connection of the Arhuaco people with their ancestral language, emphasizing the unique use of the vowel U

Types of Letters

• Digraphs are combinations of two letters that produce a single sound, such as CH, NH, and SH
• Example of Ch: Chapa / chapa, Chusa / deje, Chuma / lazo
• Example of NH: Misunha' / Nariz, Ikunha' / Ellos, Arunhun / Pensar, arunhá / sorprendido
• Example of SH: Shu / flatulence, Shuputu / hongo - fungi, Shuwirma / insecto chinches – lola
• Sonantes are vowel sounds produced without air obstruction: A, E, I, O, U, U
• Consonants letters of the alphabet that are not vowels, such as B, CH, D, etc

Spanish Alphabet Not Used

• The letters C, H, L, LL, Q, RR, V, and X from the Spanish alphabet are not used in the Ikun language
• These letters represent sounds that do not exist in the Ikun language and are not part of its phonetic system due to unique pronunciation characteristics

Vowels

• In Ikun, vowels are basic speech sounds produced without any obstruction of air exiting the mouth
• Vowels are the foundation of phonetics and play a key role in forming words, granting them musicality and rhythm

Ikun Vowels

• The Ikun language has six main vowels: A, E, I, O, U, U

Vowel Classification

• Closed vowels: These vowels are characterized by articulation with minimal mouth opening and greater proximity between the tongue and palate (I, U, U)
• Open vowels: These vowels are articulated with a greater opening of the mouth, allowing a freer flow of air (A, E, O)
• The distinction between closed and open vowels is essential for understanding characteristic Ikun pronunciation and intonation

W as Vowel and Consonant

• W acts as a consonant when it it is at the beginning of words such as nouns, adjectives, and verbs
• Examples: Wiku / Name of a man, Weja / lana, wako / bacao gavilán, waku / fish, Wieju / old, Warin / Alto, Win / Puntiagudo, Wúgu / Ancho, Wakun / regret, wasun / pursue, wesun / deliver, wechun / card, start
• W functions as a vowel when it is located between a consonant and a vowel or between a vowel and a consonant such as POWRU/town, Mowga/2-dos, Mowgamuru/more than twice

(') I'MARU as Consonant

• (') I'MARU distinguishes words with different meanings such as Misunha' → Nose from Misunha (without ') → May not mean the same thing
• Regulates pronunciation and rhythm of speech and serves as a natural pause in words, facilitating correct intonation
• It reflects sounds unique to the Ikun language
• Glottal sounds are uncommon in Spanish but essential for correct pronunciation in Ikun
• Preserves the linguistic identity of the Arhuaco people, where this linguistic feature sets it apart from many Western languages

Use of (') i'naru

• Examples include Ikunha' → They, Arunhun' → Think, Misunha' → Nose, Na’kawa ú → Give me, Te Za'nukwa → Be silent

Personal Pronouns

• Personal pronouns in Ikun include:
• 1st person singular: Nu'n (yo)
• 1st person plural: Niwi (nosotros/as)
• 2nd person singular: Ma (tú/usted)
• 2nd person plural: Miwi (vosotros/as, ustedes)
• 3rd person singular: A (él/ella)
• 3rd person plural: Ikunha' (ellos/ellas)
• Example with the verb "Querer" (me’junamu):
• 1st person singular: Nu'n zamu na'juni (I want food)
• 1st person plural: Niwi zamu niwe'juni (We want food)
• 2nd person singular: Ma zamu me'juni (You want food)
• 2nd person plural: Miwi zamu miwe’juni (You want food)
• 3rd person singular: A zamu a'juni (He/She wants food)
• 3rd person plural: Ikunha' zamu winna’juni (They want food)
• Example with the verb "Estar" (nukamu):
• 1st person singular: Nu'n urakuse' nu'kwin (I am in the house)
• 1st person plural: Niwi urakuse' anugin (We are in the house)
• 2nd person singular: Ma urakuse' nunugin (You are in the house)
• 2nd person plural: Miwi urakuse' anugin (You are in the house)
• 3rd person singular: A urakuse' nugin (He/She is in the house)
• 3rd person plural: Ikunha' urakuse' winnuni (They are in the house)

Lesson 3

• Terms for recognizing family relationships, social roles, and authorities are covered
• Family members include: Nukaku (My Dad - said by sons), Nucheychi (My Dad - said by daughters), Nazaku (Mom), Búgumu (Daughter), Gumusinu (Son), Nugwia (Brother - brother referring to older brother), Nukawu (Brother - sister referring to older brother), Nubuti (Sister - brother referring to younger sister), Nujuga (Sister - sister referring to younger sister), Nukow (Brother - sister referring to younger brother)
• Relatives include: Tegwe (Uncle), Gwati (Aunt), Arumaku (Grandfather), Taku (Grandmother)
• Persons include: Cheyrwa (Man), A'mia (Woman, wife)
• Teachers and students include: Awiuya (Teacher), Riwiuya (Student)
• Chiefs include: Mamu (Spiritual guide), Ingumún a'zuna (Chief, authority), Sakuku (Authority), Kawirdu (Councilman), Komisariu (Commissioner)
• Common greetings include:
• Dad: Ikun: Kaku azi me'zare. Spanish: Dad, how are you? Response: Dukuchu nazuni (I'm fine, thank you)
• Mom: Ikun: Nazaku azi me'zare. Spanish: Mom, how are you? Response: Zeizey nazuni michwa uweri (I'm happy to see you)
• Sister: Ikun: Nujuga azi me’zare. Spanish: Sister, how are you? Response: Dukuchu zanun nugin (Everything is fine)
• Brother: Ikun: Nugwia azi me’zare. Spanish: Brother, how are you? Response: Dukuchu nazuni, iwa ma? (Very well, and you?)
• Uncle: Ikun: Tegwe azi me'zare. Spanish: Uncle, how are you? Response: Zeizey Zun Na'zuni (I feel grateful)
• Aunt: Ikun: Gwati azi me'zare. Spanish: Aunt, how are you? Response: Dukuchu nazuni (I'm fine, thank you)
• Grandfather: Ikun: Arumaku azi me'zare. Spanish: Grandfather, how are you? Response: Iwari twiré zun nazuni (With a lot of energy today.)
• Teacher: Ikun: A wiuya azi me’zare. Spanish: Teacher, how are you? Response: Krase weságumu nukawin (I'm ready for class) and Ikun: A wiuya beku nuzoya no Spanish: Teacher, where are you going? Response: Salón zuein nukwa ni (I'm going to the room)
• Student: Ikun: Riwiuya azi me’zare. Spanish: Student, how are you? Response: Dukawi riwin nukwin (Learning a lot)
• Mamo: Ikun: Mamu azi me'zare. Spanish: Mamo, how are you? Response: Arunhun nukwin (I'm meditating)
• Authority: Ikun: Ingumún a’zuna azi meʼzare. Spanish: Authority, how are you? Response: Dukuchu zanun nugin emi niwi imuke (territorio) (Everything is in order in the territory)
• Councilman: Ikun: Kawirdu azi me'zare. Spanish: Councilman, how are you? Response: Du zakusun nu’kwin emi powruse' (I am organizing community matters)
• Situational based phrases include:
• Greeting an uncle in the morning: Tegwe azi me'zare (Uncle, how are you?)
• Greeting an aunt at noon: Gwati azi me'zare (Aunt, how are you?)
• General greeting to a person: Du me’zano (Hello, good morning/afternoon/evening)
• Greeting to several people (formal): Du zano (Good morning/afternoon/evening)
• Emphatic greeting to many people: Du du zano (Good morning/afternoon/evening - for all of you)
• Greeting to a group of acquaintances: Azi gunte zano (Good morning/afternoon/evening, how are you?)
• Greeting to family members: Azi zanun nuko (Good morning/afternoon/evening, how are you?)
• Useful expressions include:
• ¿puedes? (Can you?): Awkwéy mikunano
• Puedo (I can): Awkwéy nukununi
• No puedo (I can't): Awkwéy nukunanu' ni
• ¿quieres? (Do you want?): Ey me'juno (me'junamu) /
• Quiero (I want): Ey na'juni
• ¿Te gusta? (Do you like it?): Ey miguzano (miguzanamu)
• Me gusta (I like it:): Ey nuguzuni
• A veces en vez en cuando (Sometimes): E' munú
• A menudo - seguidamente (Often - frequently): A kin imú
• ¿estás listo? (Are you ready?): Awkwéy mikunano - mikao
• Yo voy (I'm going): Zoriwa ni
• Mirar hacia atrás (Look Back): Tukin wa'ka ú
• Date la vuelta (Turn around): Re'mina ú
• Nos vemos (See you): Eygwi anachukwa - Anáchwa awkwa ni
• En un rato, Ahorita (In a while, Now): Muná pari
• Bien hecho - está bien (Well Done): Dúku'chu kawin
• Mañana (Tomorrow): Sige'
• Medio día (Noon): Jwiku
• En la tarde (In the afternoon): Sinku
• En la noche (At night): Seya
• En la madrugada (At dawn): Bunsi arusi
• Haga caso / obedezca (Pay attention / Obey): No'kwa ú
• Desobediente (Disobedient): No'ku neyka
• Presta atención (Pay attention): Du kuno'kukwa
• Regálame (Give me): Na'kawa ú
• Tengo hambre (I am hungry): Mari naʼzuni
• ¡Quieto! (Quiet!): Tin nánukwa
• Es contigo (It's with you): Ma ey mikeywin
• No lo haga (Don't do it): Au' nánukwa
• No lo toque (Don't touch it): Tosu' nánukwa
• Por favor haga silencio (Please be quiet): Gwamu nukure'si te za'nukwa
• Silencio (Silence): Te zanukwa
• Hágame el favor regálame comida (Please give me food): Gwamu nukure'si zamu nakawa ú
• Hágame el favor préstame el mercado (comida) (Please lend me the market (food)): Gwamu nukure'si zamu na'tánigow ú
• Espéralo que coma (Wait for it to eat): Iwa'ka ú yow gukin
• Espéralo que termine (Wait for it to finish): Iwa'ka ú yow iwísukin ( kuchunhúkin)
• Te portas bien (You behave well): Du nánukwa
• Mucho juicio (A lot of judgment): Awiri, jarin - jarin
• ¿Me vas extrañar? (Will you miss me?): Mi gunchona unikwe
• Te voy a extrañar (I'll miss you): Nunugunchona awungwa ni
• No mientas (Do not lie): Rigasáy nánukwa
• Vamos aprender esto (Let's learn this): Bay ema riwiun
• No te escuchamos (We do not listen to you): Minha'noku' ni
• No te escucho (I do not listen to you): Minno'ku nawin
• Vamos a bañarnos al río (Let's go swimming in the river): Báy Jeswisiku owmun (oumun)
• Escúchame (Listen to me): Nunno'kwa ú
• Concéntrese (Focus): Du azarunhunkwa / Du kunoʼkwukwa
• Perdóname, por favor (Forgive me please): Gwamu nukure'sa ú

Lesson 4

• Focuses on colors from the perspective of the Arhuaco people

• Color vocabulary includes: Chumi kawa (Yellow), Chukirurú (asur) k (Blue), Zi' kawa (Red), Chukirú kawa (Green), Twi kawa (Black), Bunsi Kawa (White)

• Colors have a cultural explanation in Arhuaco culture that represent elements of nature and have a spiritual and symbolic meaning used in traditional clothing, ceramics, and ceremonial practices

• Colors are present in the observation of the universe, such as in the sky, stars, and water

• Chumi kawa (Yellow) Represents the sun and light, the source of energy and life, Found in ceramics and mud works

• Chukirurú kawa (Blue) Symbolizes water and sky, essential for life and balance

• Zi' kawa (Red) Represents the strength of the earth, blood, and connection with ancestors

• Chukirú kawa (Green) Is the color of nature, trees, and plants that give us food and protection

• Twi kawa (Black) Represents the night, the wisdom of elders, and the mystery of the universe

• Bunsi kawa (White) Symbolizes snow, wisdom, and positivity

Contoh Penggunaan within the Arhuaco context:

• Ku'nawa chukirurú kawa (The sky is blue)
• Kwimukunu chukirú kawa (The mountains are green)
• Gey zi' kawa (The fire is red)
• Seya twi kawa (The night is black)
• Jwi chumi kawa (The sun is yellow)

Lesson 5 Importance of vocabulary

• The vocabulary is a key tool in communication in the tourism sector
• The correct use of words facilitates how to interact with visitors and strengthens cultural identity, respect for their worldview
• Key phrases include personal pronouns, colors that have cultural meaning, and essential expressions of time (past, present, and future)
• Knowing this will help students have better success in tourism work settings

Key Terms in Arhuaco Culture

• Powru (Pueblo / Town): Represents the community as a space for coexistence, governance, and collective decision-making
• Uraku (Casa / Home): Is the center of family and spiritual life
• Kankurwa (Casa ceremonial (Maloca) / Ceremonial house (Maloca)): Sacred space where the Mamos or spiritual guides are raised
• Jese'/je (Río / River): Represents the life and vein of Mother Earth
• Jiwu (Mar / Sea): Represents a sacred and living force that is a source of life and balance that purifies the spirit through its salinity and ancestral energy
• Bisinu (Oficina / Office): Space adapted in the community for the administration of projects that benefit the collective welfare, promoting self-management.
• Birin akwey zoyanin (Sitios arqueológicos / Archaeological sites): Vestiges of ancient human occupations considered sacred sites where the ancestors lived
• Arekwera (Escuela / School): Space for teaching both modern knowledge and ancestral wisdom
• Universidad (Universidad / University): Integration of Western knowledge with ancestral knowledge, promoting indigenous leadership in various fields of knowledge.
• Ingwunu (Camino / Road): Spiritual and territorial routes that allow mobility and connection with different sacred spaces
• Karetera (Carretera / Highway): The community seeks is that its construction does not affect spiritual sites
• Barku kinkumuyun (Puerto marítimo / Seaport): Point of connection with other lands and cultures: considered an space for material and spiritual exchanges
• Avión (Aeropuerto / Airport): Represents connection with the outside world

Natural elements and Colors

• Colors in Arhuaca culture have deep meanings and are related to the environment

• Example sentences include: El mar es azul. →, Las montañas son verdes. →, and El fuego es rojo. →

Transportation

• Common sayings include Nosotros caminamos por la carretera. → Niwi karetera kuzanun nakaKi narwin., Ellos están viajando en barco. → Ikanha' barku zoyun anugin., and Tú remarás en el río. → Ma Jese' Je jokwa nutakungwa ni.

Verbs and Experiences

• The activities that tourists can do in the community are fundamental for cultural tourism

• Useful sayings include Nosotros nadamos en el río azul. → Niwi Jese' punténukwa nakaKi narwin. and Él está observando las montañas verdes. → A Kwimukunu chukirú kawa wagawun anugin.

Common expressions

• Es fundamental conocer frases básicas para atender a los visitantes:

• Useful sayings include Tú preguntaste dónde estaba la casa ceremonial. → Ma Kankurwa ne’muna takaKi narwin., Nosotros estamos bien. → Niwi dukuchu nazuni., and Ellos estarán en la oficina. → Ikanha' Bisinų narwin anukungwa ni.

Services and Trade

• Las palabras relacionadas con servicios son esenciales para la administración hotelera y el turismo: | Español | Ikun | | :----------------- | :---------- | | Tienda | Tienda | | Station de police | Porisia | | Médecin | Doctor | | Estudiante | Riwiuya | | professeur | Awiuya | |Autoridad | Sakukumak | |Cabildo| Kawirdu |

• Ex: "Yo fui a la tienda " → Nun tienda nakaKi narwin."Yo fui a la tienda " → Nun tienda nakaKi narwin, "Nosotros estamos en la universidad " →niwi universidad narwin, "Nosotros estamos en la universidad " →niwi universidad narwin, Tú serás estudiante. → Ma riwiuya anukungwa ni., Tú serás estudiante. → Ma riwiuya anukungwa ni.

- Lección 6: Saludo, identidad y comunicación en Ikun

Aprenda a presentarse en diferentes situaciones, utilizando saludos y respuestas en español e Ikun, aplicables en la cultura Aruaca y el turismo.

• A. SALUDOS BÁSICOS EN ESPAÑOL E IKUN*
• Los saludos son una de las primeras formas de interacción entre las personas
• Los saludos varían según el contexto y el nivel de formalidad
• Se usan tanto en encuentros diarios como en ceremonias tradicionales SALUDO EN ESPAÑOL TraducciónEN Ikun
• HOLA- Du
• BUENOS DÍAS-.
• BUENAS TARDES-.

B. Saludos formales

• Los saludos formales se utilizan en situaciones de respeto Los saludos demuestran Cortesía, reconocimiento y gratitud
• Saludo es: Bienvendia: kinkuma uwe Es un placero conocerte: mi jwasa uweri duni Cómo se encuentra usted: Ma azi mezanum nuko? Mi jha"sa uweri duni Fue un buen viaje: Nukuchu na zeri haya ukin duni

Saludos informales

• Son Usados en la vida cotidiana, con Amigos y familares Permiten establecer una comunicación fluida Me ha id bien: dukychu zwein na, ¿iwa ima? Que tenga un buen dia:
• C desdidas

La presentacion personal

• Es clave para el turicmo
• Se refleja él relación del territorio y la ídenidad Cutural

Frase en español

• Hola mi nombre es: du diwanin zakinakwa ni
• Soy de pueblo bello (Pueblo/ Powra vieju : Zanu nanin
• Trabajo En ; Pourse iku auviaya nanna ri
• Me Gusta aprender cosas nuevas a: Unkinivia Ankna naguzanarri

Expresion utiles

Las expresions a agredecimiento Se uttilizar en eventos imporantes