Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks
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Questions and Answers

What is an igneous rock?

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

How is granite formed?

Granite forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground.

How is basalt formed?

Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock made from the rapid cooling of lava at Earth's Surface.

What is a sedimentary rock?

<p>Sedimentary rocks are formed from deposits of pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms that accumulate on the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is limestone formed?

<p>Limestone is formed when the remains of dead sea creatures pile up on the bed of the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a metamorphic rock?

<p>Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an igneous rock found in Ireland.

<p>Granite in Donegal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a sedimentary rock found in Ireland.

<p>Limestone in Clare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a metamorphic rock found in Ireland.

<p>Quartzite in Wicklow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is geothermal energy generated?

<p>Hot volcanic rocks beneath the ground are used to heat water, turning it to steam to generate power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are advantages of using geothermal energy?

<p>It is a continuous supply of heat and hot water (A), It is clean (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Finite resources are limited in size or extent.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Renewable resources can be used infinitely.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-renewable resources can only be used once.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are disadvantages of using renewable energy sources?

<p>Geographical limitations (B), Cost (D), Land use (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are advantages of using non-renewable energy sources?

<p>Can be mass produced (B), Easily can be transported (E), Creates lots of energy (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of renewable energy sources?

<p>Solar (B), Hydroelectric power (HEP) (C), Geothermal (D), Wind (G), Biomass (J), Tidal (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Igneous Rock Formation

Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, either magma (underground) or lava (above ground).

Granite Formation

Granite is an igneous rock formed from slowly cooling magma rich in silica and alkali metals. It's often found underground.

Basalt Formation

Basalt is an igneous rock formed from quickly cooling lava on the earth's surface. It's a common rock in volcanic regions.

Sedimentary Rock Formation

Sedimentary rocks form when fragments of other rocks, minerals, or organic remains accumulate and are cemented together.

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Limestone Formation

Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and cementation of the remains of marine organisms, like shells and corals.

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Sandstone Formation

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand grains, often deposited by rivers or wind.

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Metamorphic Rock Formation

Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions without melting completely.

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Marble Formation

Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is subjected to high heat and pressure, causing its crystals to recrystallize and grow larger.

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Quartzite Formation

Quartzite is a metamorphic rock formed when quartz-rich sandstone is subjected to heat, pressure, and chemical activity, causing its grains to fuse together.

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Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy utilizes heat from volcanic rocks beneath the earth's surface to generate energy by heating water and creating steam.

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Finite Resources

Finite resources are limited in quantity and will eventually be depleted, such as fossil fuels.

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Renewable Resources

Renewable resources can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar or wind energy.

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Non-renewable Resources

Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replenished at a rate comparable to their consumption, such as fossil fuels.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy sources have advantages such as being environmentally friendly, sustainable, and providing a continuous supply of energy. However, they also have disadvantages like high initial investment costs, geographical limitations, and land use requirements.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Non-renewable Energy

Non-renewable energy sources have advantages such as being readily available, cost-effective, and efficient for generating large amounts of energy. However, they also have drawbacks, including environmental damage, habitat destruction, and the fact that they are finite resources.

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Examples of Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources include wind, solar, tidal, hydroelectric power (HEP), geothermal, and biomass.

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Examples of Non-renewable Energy Sources

Non-renewable energy sources include coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, and peat.

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Study Notes

Igneous Rocks

  • Form from cooled molten rock (magma or lava)
  • Granite: Forms from slowly cooled magma, high in silica and alkali metal oxides.
  • Basalt: Forms from rapidly cooled lava.

Sedimentary Rocks

  • Formed from deposits of other rocks or organisms.
  • Limestone: Forms from accumulated remains of sea creatures.
  • Sandstone: Formed from compacted sand.

Metamorphic Rocks

  • Formed from existing rocks changed by heat, pressure, or fluids.
  • Marble: Forms from limestone heated to extreme temperatures.
  • Quartzite: Forms from quartz-rich sandstone through heat and pressure.

Rock Examples in Ireland

  • Igneous: Granite in Donegal
  • Sedimentary: Limestone in Clare
  • Metamorphic: Quartzite in Wicklow

Geothermal Energy

  • Uses heat from Earth's interior to generate power.
  • Advantages: Clean, continuous supply of heat/hot water.
  • Disadvantages: Expensive drilling, location limitations.

Energy Types

  • Finite: Limited supply
  • Renewable: Can be replenished
  • Non-renewable: Cannot be replenished in a short timeframe

Renewable Energy Sources

  • Wind
  • Solar
  • Tidal
  • Hydroelectric Power (HEP)
  • Geothermal
  • Biomass

Renewable Energy Advantages/Disadvantages

  • Advantages: Environmentally friendly, infinite supply (theoretically), Reduces reliance on fossil fuels
  • Disadvantages: Cost, geographical limitations, land use

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Natural Gas
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Peat

Non-Renewable Energy Advantages/Disadvantages

  • Advantages: High energy output, easily transported, mass production possible.
  • Disadvantages: Finite supply, harmful to the environment, habitat destruction, takes millions of years to replenish.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Learn about their formation, examples, and natural occurrences, especially in Ireland. Explore how geothermal energy relates to these rock types and energy sources.

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