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Igneous Rocks: Definition and Formation

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Questions and Answers

How are igneous rocks formed?

Through the metamorphosis of existing rocks

By the evaporation of water from the Earth's surface

By the cooling and solidification of magma (correct)

By the compression of sedimentary rocks

What makes magma rise to the Earth's surface?

It is pushed up by the movement of tectonic plates

It is exposed to extremely high temperatures

It is denser than the surrounding rock

It is less dense and more buoyant than surrounding rock (correct)

Where are melts commonly found?

In sedimentary rock layers

In the Earth's core

In the upper atmosphere

In boundaries between tectonic plates or hot spots (correct)

What conditions are required for rocks to melt and form magma?

High temperature, decrease in pressure, and presence of volatiles Signup and view all the answers

What type of rocks are formed when magma is trapped underneath the surface and slowly cools?

Intrusive or plutonic rocks Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of batholiths?

Irregularly shaped and can reach up to hundreds of kilometers long Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes sills from dikes?

Sills are horizontally oriented parallel to the rock beds and foliations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the formation of dikes and sills?

They are formed when magma intrudes on a pre-existing rock body and starts to crystallize as sheet intrusions Signup and view all the answers

What type of rocks are commonly observed in batholiths?

Granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable example of a sill formation mentioned in the text?

Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks?

Volcanic rocks form from molten material that reaches the Earth's surface, while plutonic rocks form from magma trapped underneath the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the fine-grained or glassy texture of volcanic rocks?

The rapid cooling of the molten material on the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is a significant component of pumice, an example of extrusive igneous rock?

Quartz Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why granite, an example of intrusive igneous rock, has a coarse-grained texture?

The slow cooling of the magma underneath the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is a pluton in the context of igneous geology?

A large igneous body that cools and solidifies near the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers