Igneous Rocks and Formation Processes

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of obsidian?

  • Phaneritic texture
  • Rich in olivine
  • Vesicles
  • Glassy texture (correct)

Which rock is considered the mafic counterpart of pumice?

  • Scoria (correct)
  • Gabbro
  • Basalt
  • Obsidian

What is the main difference between gabbro and basalt in terms of mineral composition?

  • Gabbro has aphanitic texture.
  • Basalt has a glassy texture.
  • Gabbro contains minor amounts of olivine & amphibole. (correct)
  • Basalt forms at mid-oceanic ridges.

How do the crystal sizes of intrusive rocks compare to extrusive rocks?

<p>Intrusive rocks have larger crystals due to longer cooling time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of vesicles in rocks like pumice?

<p>Trapped gas bubbles expanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rock is an extrusive felsic rock formed from extremely rapid cooling?

<p>Pumice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the composition of magma?

<p>The type of minerals present in the source rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common sedimentary structure?

<p>Foliation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of the formation of sedimentary rocks?

<p>Weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common igneous rock?

<p>Gneiss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driver of the formation of metamorphic rocks?

<p>Changes in temperature and pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sedimentary structure that indicates the direction of water flow?

<p>Cross-bedding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of sediment for the formation of sedimentary rocks?

<p>Biological origin, other rocks, or evaporites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of magma?

<p>Decreasing pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates extrusive igneous rocks from intrusive igneous rocks?

<p>Extrusive rocks cool at the Earth's surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of volatiles in the formation of magma?

<p>They trigger the melting process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of boundary is typically associated with decompression melting?

<p>Divergent plate boundary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference in the formation of sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks?

<p>Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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