Earth Science Chapter 4 Lesson 2

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the composition and texture of intrusive igneous rock?

Lighter in color, coarse-grained texture (correct)
Darker in color, very small crystals
Darker in color, fine-grained texture
Lighter in color, volcanic glass

Mafic igneous rocks are typically lighter in color and less dense than felsic igneous rocks.

False (B)

What is the main factor that determines the texture of an igneous rock?

cooling rate of the magma

Rocks that form when lava cools too quickly to form crystals are called ______.

<p>volcanic glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of igneous rock with its characteristics:

<p>Felsic = Lighter in color, less dense, rich in silicon and aluminum Mafic = Darker in color, more dense, rich in iron and magnesium Intrusive = Coarse-grained texture, forms beneath the Earth's surface Extrusive = Fine-grained or no crystals, forms on the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface.

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock that forms when lava erupts and cools on the Earth's surface.

Mafic Igneous Rock

Darker in color, denser, and rich in elements like iron, magnesium, and calcium.

Felsic Igneous Rock

Lighter in color, less dense, and rich in elements like silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.

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Volcanic Glass

Rock formed from lava that cools too quickly for crystals to form.

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Study Notes

Igneous Rock Composition and Texture

Felsic Rocks:
- Lighter in color
- Less dense
- Rich in silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium
Mafic Rocks:
- Darker in color
- More dense
- Rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium
Crystal Size and Cooling Time:
- Longer magma cools, larger crystals form
- Cooler magma, smaller crystals form