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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
What is the primary difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
Which minerals are typically found in felsic rocks but not in mafic rocks?
Which minerals are typically found in felsic rocks but not in mafic rocks?
Why do intrusive igneous rocks usually have larger crystals compared to extrusive rocks?
Why do intrusive igneous rocks usually have larger crystals compared to extrusive rocks?
Which rock type would likely yield the largest quartz crystals?
Which rock type would likely yield the largest quartz crystals?
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What effect does cooling rate have on the texture of igneous rocks?
What effect does cooling rate have on the texture of igneous rocks?
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Which term describes the texture characterized by small bubbles in an igneous rock?
Which term describes the texture characterized by small bubbles in an igneous rock?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of basaltic rocks?
Which of the following is a characteristic of basaltic rocks?
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What is a defining feature of pegmatite?
What is a defining feature of pegmatite?
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What type of igneous rock is formed when magma cools and crystallizes below the Earth's surface?
What type of igneous rock is formed when magma cools and crystallizes below the Earth's surface?
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Which mineral is primarily found in basaltic rocks?
Which mineral is primarily found in basaltic rocks?
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Which of the following statements is true about granitic rocks?
Which of the following statements is true about granitic rocks?
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What defines intermediate igneous rocks?
What defines intermediate igneous rocks?
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Ultrabasic rocks are characterized by which type of minerals?
Ultrabasic rocks are characterized by which type of minerals?
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How can rock type be determined in igneous rocks?
How can rock type be determined in igneous rocks?
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Which characteristic is NOT typical of basaltic rocks?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of basaltic rocks?
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What are the characteristics of extrusive igneous rocks?
What are the characteristics of extrusive igneous rocks?
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What is meant by the term 'texture' in relation to igneous rocks?
What is meant by the term 'texture' in relation to igneous rocks?
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What is the result of lava cooling quickly on Earth's surface?
What is the result of lava cooling quickly on Earth's surface?
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How does slow cooling of magma affect crystal formation?
How does slow cooling of magma affect crystal formation?
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What distinguishes porphyritic rocks from other types?
What distinguishes porphyritic rocks from other types?
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What is vesicular texture in igneous rocks caused by?
What is vesicular texture in igneous rocks caused by?
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Which statement about volcanic glass is accurate?
Which statement about volcanic glass is accurate?
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What type of igneous rock would most likely contain crystals larger than 1 cm?
What type of igneous rock would most likely contain crystals larger than 1 cm?
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Which factor most directly influences the crystal size in igneous rocks?
Which factor most directly influences the crystal size in igneous rocks?
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What type of microscope is used to identify minerals in thin sections of rock?
What type of microscope is used to identify minerals in thin sections of rock?
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Where do valuable ore deposits often occur in relation to igneous intrusions?
Where do valuable ore deposits often occur in relation to igneous intrusions?
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What are extremely large-grained mineral veins known as?
What are extremely large-grained mineral veins known as?
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Which type of rocks are known for containing diamonds and other high-pressure minerals?
Which type of rocks are known for containing diamonds and other high-pressure minerals?
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What characteristic of igneous rocks makes them particularly useful as building materials?
What characteristic of igneous rocks makes them particularly useful as building materials?
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What type of deposits are sometimes formed as veins in surrounding rocks near igneous intrusions?
What type of deposits are sometimes formed as veins in surrounding rocks near igneous intrusions?
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What is a unique feature of kimberlite rocks?
What is a unique feature of kimberlite rocks?
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In terms of structure, what is notable about igneous rocks?
In terms of structure, what is notable about igneous rocks?
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Study Notes
Igneous Rock Classification
- Igneous rocks are classified by their mineral composition
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Basaltic rocks are dark-colored, have lower silica content, and are composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene
- Also known as mafic rocks
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Granitic rocks are light-colored, have higher silica content, and are composed mainly of quartz and feldspar
- Also known as felsic rocks
- Intermediate rocks have a composition of minerals between basaltic and granitic
- Ultrabasic or ultramafic rocks contain only iron-rich minerals like olivine and pyroxene and are always dark
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Basaltic rocks are dark-colored, have lower silica content, and are composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene
Igneous Rock Texture
- Texture refers to the size, shape, and distribution of the crystals or grains in a rock
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Crystal size is determined by cooling rates
- Intrusive rocks cool slowly below the Earth's surface, forming larger crystals
- Extrusive rocks cool quickly on the Earth's surface, forming smaller crystals
- Volcanic glass forms when lava cools too rapidly for crystals to form
- Porphyritic texture is characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals
- Vesicular texture is the spongy appearance resulting from gas bubbles trapped in lava
Igneous Rocks as Resources
- Veins are ore deposits often found within igneous intrusions or in the rocks surrounding intrusions
- Pegmatites are veins of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain ores
- Kimberlites are rare ultrabasic rocks that form under high pressure and contain diamonds and other minerals
- Igneous rocks are used in construction due to their interlocking grain textures and resistance to weathering
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Description
This quiz explores the classification of igneous rocks based on their mineral composition and texture. Understand the differences between basaltic, granitic, intermediate, and ultrabasic rocks, as well as how cooling rates affect crystal size and formation. Test your knowledge of these fundamental geological concepts.
