IGCSE ICT Flashcards on Hardware

Study Notes

Hardware Overview

Hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system.

Internal Hardware Devices

Key internal devices include:
- Processor (CPU): Acts as the brain of the computer, controlling processes and data movement.
- Motherboard: Central hub for communication between all components.
- Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory that holds currently used information; data is lost when power is off.
- Read Only Memory (ROM): Non-volatile memory that stores essential instructions, retaining data even when power is off.
- Video Card: Facilitates image display on monitors.
- Sound Card: Converts analog data to digital for sound processing.
- Internal Hard Disk Drive: Stores long-term data, programs, and acts as backup.

External Hardware

Includes input devices (to enter data), output devices (to display data), and peripheral devices (non-essential hardware connected externally).

Software Overview

Software refers to programs that control computer operations and data processing.
Two main types:
- Applications Software: Specific programs for tasks like word processing and spreadsheets.
- Systems Software: Comprises the files and programs necessary for the computer's operation.

Storage Types

Secondary/Backing Storage: Not constantly accessible but used for long-term data retention.

Operating System Functions

Manages computer resources, enabling communication between components.
Types include Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Users input commands via text; efficient but complex.
Advantages:
- Direct interaction with the computer.
- Wide range of commands available.
- Low resource requirements.
Disadvantages:
- Requires memory of complex commands.
- High potential for errors due to typing.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Users interact through graphical elements like windows and icons; easier to use but resource-intensive.
Advantages:
- Simple, quick command input.
- Lower chance of errors.
Disadvantages:
- Limited command options.
- Higher demand for system resources.

Types of Computers

Include:
- Personal Computers: Common in homes and offices.
- Laptops: Portable with built-in screens.
- Tablet Computers: Touchscreen devices, highly portable.
- Smart Phones: Multifunctional mobile devices.

Personal Computers Categories

Standalone PC: Utilized individually, independent of other systems.
Networked PC: Connected to a network for resource sharing.

Description

Test your knowledge of key hardware terms with this IGCSE ICT flashcard quiz. Covering essential concepts like internal hardware devices and the motherboard, this quiz is designed to enhance your understanding of computer systems.