IGCSE Grade 6 Chemistry: States of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still be the same substance?

  • Compound
  • Atom (correct)
  • Mixture
  • Molecule
  • Freezing is the process where a solid changes to a liquid.

    False

    At what temperature does water freeze into ice?

    0°C

    The process of a liquid changing into a gas is called __________.

    <p>vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phase change with its corresponding description:

    <p>Melting = Solid to liquid Freezing = Liquid to solid Vaporization = Liquid to gas Condensation = Gas to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a substance when it is heated?

    <p>They absorb energy and move apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The boiling point of water is 100°C.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During condensation, vapours lose __________ to change back into liquid.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gas when the temperature decreases?

    <p>It condenses into a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when carbon dioxide reacts with limewater?

    <p>calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gas changing directly into a solid is called _____.

    <p>deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gases with their tests:

    <p>Oxygen = Glowing splint ignites Hydrogen = Lighted splint makes a pop sound Carbon dioxide = Limewater turns milky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a vacuum?

    <p>A space that contains no particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dry ice is an example of a substance that undergoes the process of deposition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment do astronauts use to breathe in space?

    <p>backpack with oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    States of Matter

    • Matter exists in three states: solids, liquids, and gases.
    • Matter comprises tiny particles known as atoms, the smallest unit of a substance (element).

    Particle Theory of Matter

    • All matter is made up of particles that are constantly in motion.
    • The motion and arrangement of these particles determine the properties of each state of matter.

    Changing States of Matter

    • Melting:

      • A cold substance absorbs energy when heated, overcoming attractive forces between particles.
      • Increased temperature leads to solids melting; for example, ice melts at temperatures above 0°C.
    • Freezing:

      • The process involves heat transfer from a hot substance to its surroundings.
      • The decrease in temperature leads to close packing of particles, resulting in a solid form; water freezes into ice at 0°C.
    • Vaporization:

      • Occurs when water boils, with bubbles forming as molecules gain enough energy to transition to gas.
      • Water vaporizes at a boiling point of 100°C, changing from liquid to gaseous state.
    • Condensation:

      • Involves vapor losing energy when in contact with cold surfaces, leading to a transition from gas to liquid.
      • This process is the reverse of vaporization, forming droplets of liquid water.
    • Sublimation:

      • Direct transition from solid to gas occurs when solids absorb energy sufficient to overcome intermolecular forces.
      • A common example is dry ice transitioning directly to carbon dioxide gas.
    • Deposition:

      • The reverse of sublimation; gas transitions directly to solid without passing through a liquid state.

    Breathing in Space

    • Space is a vacuum, lacking particles.
    • Astronauts rely on oxygen supplies in backpacks, which circulate through spacesuits for breathing.

    Tests for Gases

    • Unique tests identify gases in compounds, ensuring clear results.

    • Oxygen:

      • Glowing splint relights when introduced to oxygen in a test tube, indicating its presence.
    • Hydrogen:

      • A lighted splint produces a squeaky pop when near hydrogen, confirming its presence.
    • Carbon Dioxide:

      • Bubbling carbon dioxide through limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) forms a white precipitate of calcium carbonate, turning the solution milky, indicating the presence of carbon dioxide.

    Summary Table of Gas Tests

    • Oxygen: Glowing splint relights → Oxygen is present.
    • Hydrogen: Lighted splint pops → Hydrogen is present.
    • Carbon Dioxide: Limewater turns milky → Carbon dioxide is present.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. This quiz covers particle theory, properties of states of matter, and changes in states. Perfect for IGCSE Grade 6 Chemistry students looking to reinforce their knowledge.

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