iGCSE Computer Science 0478 Flashcards
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iGCSE Computer Science 0478 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a character in computing?

  • The smallest unit of data in a computer
  • A step-by-step set of instructions
  • Text, numbers, and symbols, such as each key on a keyboard (correct)
  • A system of numbers with a base of 10

    • What is an algorithm?

    A step-by-step set of instructions

    What is data?

    Numbers, symbols, or alphanumeric characters in their raw format before processing

    What is analogue data?

    <p>The smooth stream of data that our senses process on a daily basis, such as sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is digital data?

    <p>Data represented in the values 1 and 0 that a computer can process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is denary?

    <p>A system of numbers with a base of 10, where each unit used increases by the power of 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is binary?

    <p>A system of numbers with a base of 2, where each unit increases by powers of 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a register?

    <p>Small pieces of memory where values can be held</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hexadecimal?

    <p>A system of numbers with a base of 16, where each unit used increases by the power of 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does debugging mean?

    <p>Finding and fixing problems and errors in a program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bit?

    <p>Short for binary digit, it is the smallest unit of data in a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bit rate?

    <p>The rate at which data is transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is serial transmission?

    <p>Uses a single wire to transfer bits of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is parallel transmission?

    <p>Uses multiple wires to transfer bits of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is interference in data transmission?

    <p>Disturbances that can occur in the signals when sending data that may corrupt it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is simplex transmission?

    <p>Sending data in one direction only at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is duplex transmission?

    <p>Sending data in both directions at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is half-duplex transmission?

    <p>Sending data in both directions but only one direction at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hacker?

    <p>A person who tries to gain unauthorized access to a computer or network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is malware?

    <p>A software program that is designed to damage or disrupt a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a computer virus?

    <p>A software program that is designed to corrupt a computer and the files on it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spyware?

    <p>A software program that collects user information through their Internet connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hacking?

    <p>Gaining unauthorized access to a computer or network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a firewall?

    <p>A system that protects against unauthorized access to or from a computer or network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a modem?

    <p>A hardware device that converts data so that it can be transmitted from computer to computer over telephone wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a browser?

    <p>A program used to access the World Wide Web that displays HTML files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a packet?

    <p>A unit of data that can be sent across a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protocol?

    <p>An agreed format or set of rules to transmit data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cache memory?

    <p>A portion of memory used for high-speed storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an accumulator?

    <p>The register that is used for arithmetic and logic calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a peripheral?

    <p>A hardware device that is used to input, store, or output data from a computer, and is not directly part of the computer itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a high-level language?

    <p>A programming language that looks like the language humans generally use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a low-level language?

    <p>A programming language that is closer to the native language of computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is machine code?

    <p>A series of binary numbers made up of 1s and 0s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assembly language?

    <p>A low-level programming language that uses mnemonic codes to create programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is syntax in programming?

    <p>The structure of language in a computer program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compiler?

    <p>A computer program that takes a whole program written in a high-level language and translates it into machine code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms and Definitions

    • Character: Represents text, numbers, and symbols; each key on a keyboard corresponds to a character.
    • Algorithm: A structured sequence of steps designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem.
    • Data: Raw information including numbers and alphanumeric characters before any processing occurs.

    Types of Data

    • Analogue: Continuous data that our senses perceive, such as sound waves.
    • Digital: Data encoded in binary format (1s and 0s) that computers can process.
    • Denary: A base-10 numbering system where values increase by powers of 10.
    • Binary: A base-2 numbering system where values increase by powers of 2.
    • Hexadecimal: A base-16 numbering system that uses digits and letters to represent values.

    Computer Memory and Processing

    • Register: Small memory locations within a CPU for temporarily holding data and instructions.
    • Cache Memory: A high-speed storage area that provides quick access to frequently used data.
    • Accumulator: A specialized register for performing arithmetic and logic calculations.

    Data Transmission Methods

    • Bit: The smallest data unit in computing, short for binary digit.
    • Bit Rate: The speed at which data is transmitted.
    • Serial Transmission: Transfers data one bit at a time over a single wire.
    • Parallel Transmission: Simultaneously transfers multiple bits using multiple wires.
    • Simplex Transmission: Data can only flow in one direction.
    • Duplex Transmission: Enables simultaneous two-way data transmission.
    • Half-Duplex Transmission: Allows data to flow in both directions, but not at the same time.

    Security and Software

    • Hacker: Individual attempting unauthorized access to a network or computer.
    • Malware: Software designed with malicious intent to damage or disrupt a system.
    • Virus: A type of malware specifically created to corrupt files and systems.
    • Spyware: Software that gathers user information without their consent, typically through internet connections.
    • Firewall: A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.

    Networking Concepts

    • Modem: A device converting data for transmission over telephone lines between computers.
    • Packet: A formatted unit of data sent across a network.
    • Protocol: Established rules for data transmission that define formats and procedures.

    Programming Languages

    • High-Level Language: Programming languages designed to be easy for humans to read and write.
    • Low-Level Language: Closer to machine code and hardware functionality, less readable for humans.
    • Machine Code: The binary code that is directly executed by a computer.
    • Assembly Language: A low-level language using mnemonics that can be easily translated to machine code.
    • Syntax: The structural rules governing the composition of statements in a programming language.

    Compilation and Interpretation

    • Compiler: A program that translates high-level language code into machine code all at once.
    • Interpreter: A program that translates high-level code line by line, executing the program simultaneously.

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    This quiz provides flashcards for key terms in iGCSE Computer Science 0478, including definitions for important concepts like character, algorithm, data, and analogue. Perfect for students preparing for their exams, this resource facilitates quick learning and revision of essential vocabulary.

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