Idiosyncratic Reactions in Medicine

What is one major factor that influences toxicity as it relates to the exposure situation for a specific chemical?

Which route of exposure generally results in the most rapid toxic response?

Why might an agent that acts on the central nervous system be less toxic when taken orally compared to inhalation?

Which route of administration would likely lead to the least potent toxic effect?

What is a common factor that can account for individual susceptibility to a range of responses to toxic agents?

Which route of exposure involves the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the most likely cause of prolonged muscular relaxation and apnea after succinylcholine administration?

Which factor largely determines whether a toxic effect on a tissue is reversible or irreversible?

Why are injuries to the central nervous system largely considered irreversible?

Which characteristic distinguishes idiosyncratic reactions from other hypersensitivity responses?

Why are some toxic effects of chemicals labeled as irreversible?

What usually contributes to the irreversible nature of carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of chemicals?

What term is used to describe the combined effects of two chemicals being much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent given alone?

When one substance does not have a toxic effect on a certain organ but enhances the toxicity of another chemical, this is known as:

Which type of antagonism occurs when two chemicals counterbalance each other by producing opposite effects on the same physiologic function?

Isopropanol, when administered with carbon tetrachloride, leads to a hepatotoxicity that is much greater than when it is given alone. This is an example of:

In toxicology, what do we call it when two chemicals administered together interfere with each other’s actions or one interferes with the action of the other?

What term describes the occurrence when the combined effects of two chemicals are usually additive?