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Questions and Answers
Who took charge of the state affairs after her husband was deported to Calcutta?
What role did Muslim women play in the freedom struggle according to the text?
Which woman shot dead Sir Henry Lawrence during the first war of independence?
What was Begum Hazrat Mahal's response when the British troops recaptured Lucknow?
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In what ways did Muslim women contribute to the freedom struggle?
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Which statement best describes the role of women from illiterate and rural areas in the freedom struggle?
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What motivated Muslim women to come out of their homes and travel from place to place?
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Which official did Begum Hazrat Mahal shoot dead during the first war of independence?
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Study Notes
Definition and Significance of Ideology
- Ideology is a set of collectively held ideas about society, usually promoted to justify political action.
- It provides explanations for social facts and problems, enabling individuals and groups to orientate themselves in society.
Ideology of Pakistan
- The Ideology of Pakistan is a complete code of life covering all aspects of human activity.
- It is based on the principles of Tauheed (monotheism), Ihsan (righteousness), Adl (Justice), Qisas (retribution), and Aman (peace).
Historical Context of the Creation of Pakistan
- The region was appropriated by the East India Company in the first half of the 19th century.
- Direct British rule lasted for 90 years, ending with the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
- Key figures involved in the creation of Pakistan include Allama Iqbal, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Main Social, Political, Religious, and Cultural Events (1857-1947)
- 1857: War of Independence
- 1858: Aligarh Movement
- 1866: Deoband Movement
- 1867: Urdu Hindi Controversy
- 1884: Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam
- 1885: Indian National Congress was formed
- 1905: Partition of Bengal
- 1906: Foundation of All India Muslim League
- 1909: Government of India Act
- 1916: Lucknow pact
- 1919: Montagu-Chelmsford Reform (Government of India Act 1919) and Khilafat movement
- 1920: Civil disobedience and Non-cooperation movements
- 1927: The Simon Commission
- 1928: Nehru Report
- 1929: Quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points
- 1930: Iqbal’s Allahabad Address and Round Table Conferences
- 1935: Government of India Act 1935
- 1937: The election of 1937
- 1940: The Lahore Resolution and the emergence of Pakistan
- 1942: Cripps mission
- 1945: Shimla Conference
- 1945-46: General Election
- 1946: Cabinet Mission Plan
- 1946: The Interim Government
- 1947: 3rd June plan and the Indian Independence Act of 1947
- 1947: Demarcation of boundaries and Radcliffe’s Award
War of Independence of 1857 and its Impact
- The war was fought by Indians against the British to get rid of their domination.
- Muslims joined the war, fearing that if the British withdrew, the Hindu majority would rule and it would be unfair to the Muslims.
Contributions of Founding Fathers of Pakistan in the Freedom Movement
- In 1905, the Bengal presidency's partition was decided, separating the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas, which was supported by Muslims.
- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established the All-India Muslim League (AIML) to protect Muslim rights and interests.
- The founding fathers of Pakistan established the Constituent Assembly and adopted the Objectives Resolution, which was introduced to the Constitution of Pakistan.
Contribution of Women for a Separate Homeland for Muslims
- Muslim women played a significant role in the freedom struggle, staying behind the scenes to support the movement.
- Women from all over the country joined Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlvi's call for jihad against the British.
- Muslim women continued to contribute to the freedom struggle until India achieved independence in 1947.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chapter 1: Introduction to the Ideology of Pakistan, which covers the definition and significance of ideology in the context of society and political action.
