Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three criteria for measuring variables?
What are the three criteria for measuring variables?
- Stability, generalizability, and authenticity
- Precision, reproducibility, and soundness
- Consistency, accuracy, and integrity
- Reliability, replicability, and validity (correct)
Which type of experiment takes place in artificial environments to improve internal validity?
Which type of experiment takes place in artificial environments to improve internal validity?
- Simulated experiments
- Controlled experiments
- Laboratory experiments (correct)
- Field experiments
What is used to distribute participants between groups in experiments?
What is used to distribute participants between groups in experiments?
- Convenience sampling
- Voluntary participation
- Random assignment (correct)
- Purposive sampling
What does the control group receive in an experiment?
What does the control group receive in an experiment?
What are the three types of validity mentioned in the text?
What are the three types of validity mentioned in the text?
What are the criteria for qualitative work mentioned in the text?
What are the criteria for qualitative work mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of theory in urban social research?
What is the purpose of theory in urban social research?
What are the components of a theory?
What are the components of a theory?
Which type of theory is limited in scope and can be tested directly?
Which type of theory is limited in scope and can be tested directly?
What is the relationship between theory and research when using deduction?
What is the relationship between theory and research when using deduction?
In what way does induction-based inquiry begin?
In what way does induction-based inquiry begin?
Which epistemological position emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of people's actions?
Which epistemological position emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of people's actions?
What is the primary focus of Grounded Theory?
What is the primary focus of Grounded Theory?
Which ontological position views social reality as a set of mental constructions?
Which ontological position views social reality as a set of mental constructions?
What are the three rules of causation in nomothetic explanations?
What are the three rules of causation in nomothetic explanations?
What is the function of a research design?
What is the function of a research design?
What does epistemology concern itself with?
What does epistemology concern itself with?
What is the interaction effect that may limit applicability to people not pretested?
What is the interaction effect that may limit applicability to people not pretested?
Which research design involves observing at one point in time, with no before and after comparisons or independent variable manipulation?
Which research design involves observing at one point in time, with no before and after comparisons or independent variable manipulation?
What is the main drawback of Longitudinal Design?
What is the main drawback of Longitudinal Design?
Which type of study offers in-depth descriptions of a single case but may have limited external validity?
Which type of study offers in-depth descriptions of a single case but may have limited external validity?
What is the primary difference between Quasi-Experiments and true experiments?
What is the primary difference between Quasi-Experiments and true experiments?
What is a potential threat to external validity related to differences between control and experimental groups?
What is a potential threat to external validity related to differences between control and experimental groups?
What is the fundamental principle of Respect for Persons according to the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?
What is the fundamental principle of Respect for Persons according to the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?
Why might qualitative research be more complex for Research Ethics Boards (REBs) to approve?
Why might qualitative research be more complex for Research Ethics Boards (REBs) to approve?
What does the concept of Welfare in research refer to?
What does the concept of Welfare in research refer to?
What is a key concern regarding informed consent in ethnography?
What is a key concern regarding informed consent in ethnography?
What is a duty of researchers concerning privacy and confidentiality?
What is a duty of researchers concerning privacy and confidentiality?
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Study Notes
- Research Ethics Boards (REBs) are required for all Canadian research involving humans.
- REB approval must be obtained before approaching participants.
- Universities, colleges, government, and private companies can have REBs.
- Members of REBs come from different disciplines and must have an external representative.
- Conflict of interest rules apply to funding relationships and work with the applicant.
- Quantitative research is easier for REBs to approve due to a stated hypothesis and specific testing plan.
- Qualitative research may be more complex for REBs due to flexibility and potential identification of participants.
- Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) provides for variation in research methods and outlines three core principles: Respect for Persons, Concern for Welfare, and Justice.
- Informed consent is a fundamental principle of Respect for Persons, requiring participants to be fully informed and able to understand and consent.
- Informed consent is not always practical in ethnography due to potential contamination and emerging themes.
- Welfare in research refers to avoiding harm, embarrassment, and inadvertent identification, and ensuring privacy and confidentiality.
- Privacy and confidentiality are particularly important in qualitative research due to potential identification of participants and locations.
- Covert research, without consent, is a concern for privacy and confidentiality.
- Secondary participants, whose social role is not at the heart of the research, may be overlooked in privacy, confidentiality, and consent concerns.
- Researchers have a duty to report on certain activities and may face privacy and confidentiality rules that limit disclosure to outside agencies.
- Justice in research includes avoiding exploitation and exclusion, and ensuring inclusivity and intersubjectivity.
- No harm principle should be followed, with less risk in social research than medical but still present.
- Informed consent and opt-out options are essential to minimize potential harm and risks.
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