Ideographic Explanations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three criteria for measuring variables?

Stability, generalizability, and authenticity

Precision, reproducibility, and soundness

Consistency, accuracy, and integrity

Reliability, replicability, and validity (correct)

Which type of experiment takes place in artificial environments to improve internal validity?

Simulated experiments

Controlled experiments

Laboratory experiments (correct)

Field experiments

What is used to distribute participants between groups in experiments?

Convenience sampling

Voluntary participation

Random assignment (correct)

Purposive sampling

What does the control group receive in an experiment?

It does not receive the manipulation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of validity mentioned in the text?

Measurement validity, internal validity, and external validity Signup and view all the answers

What are the criteria for qualitative work mentioned in the text?

Trustworthiness, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of theory in urban social research?

To gather information to create urban social theory Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a theory?

Definitions, descriptions, and relational statements Signup and view all the answers

Which type of theory is limited in scope and can be tested directly?

Theories of the middle range Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between theory and research when using deduction?

Begin with a theory or explanation, then go out into the world and test it Signup and view all the answers

In what way does induction-based inquiry begin?

By gathering or examining data, then trying to derive a theory or explanation from the data Signup and view all the answers

Which epistemological position emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of people's actions?

Interpretivism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Grounded Theory?

Giving primacy to data over theory Signup and view all the answers

Which ontological position views social reality as a set of mental constructions?

Constructionism Signup and view all the answers

What are the three rules of causation in nomothetic explanations?

Correlation, time order, and non-spuriousness Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a research design?

To collect and analyze data to answer research questions Signup and view all the answers

What does epistemology concern itself with?

The nature and limits of knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the interaction effect that may limit applicability to people not pretested?

Pretesting and applicability Signup and view all the answers

Which research design involves observing at one point in time, with no before and after comparisons or independent variable manipulation?

Cross-Sectional Design Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of Longitudinal Design?

Attrition and panel conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study offers in-depth descriptions of a single case but may have limited external validity?

Case Studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Quasi-Experiments and true experiments?

Use of naturally occurring phenomena or changes introduced by non-researchers Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential threat to external validity related to differences between control and experimental groups?

Interaction effect of pretesting Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of Respect for Persons according to the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2)?

Informed consent Signup and view all the answers

Why might qualitative research be more complex for Research Ethics Boards (REBs) to approve?

Due to flexibility and potential identification of participants Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of Welfare in research refer to?

Avoiding harm, embarrassment, and inadvertent identification Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concern regarding informed consent in ethnography?

Potential contamination and emerging themes Signup and view all the answers

What is a duty of researchers concerning privacy and confidentiality?

Report on certain activities and limit disclosure to outside agencies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Ethics Boards (REBs) are required for all Canadian research involving humans.
REB approval must be obtained before approaching participants.
Universities, colleges, government, and private companies can have REBs.
Members of REBs come from different disciplines and must have an external representative.
Conflict of interest rules apply to funding relationships and work with the applicant.
Quantitative research is easier for REBs to approve due to a stated hypothesis and specific testing plan.
Qualitative research may be more complex for REBs due to flexibility and potential identification of participants.
Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) provides for variation in research methods and outlines three core principles: Respect for Persons, Concern for Welfare, and Justice.
Informed consent is a fundamental principle of Respect for Persons, requiring participants to be fully informed and able to understand and consent.
Informed consent is not always practical in ethnography due to potential contamination and emerging themes.
Welfare in research refers to avoiding harm, embarrassment, and inadvertent identification, and ensuring privacy and confidentiality.
Privacy and confidentiality are particularly important in qualitative research due to potential identification of participants and locations.
Covert research, without consent, is a concern for privacy and confidentiality.
Secondary participants, whose social role is not at the heart of the research, may be overlooked in privacy, confidentiality, and consent concerns.
Researchers have a duty to report on certain activities and may face privacy and confidentiality rules that limit disclosure to outside agencies.
Justice in research includes avoiding exploitation and exclusion, and ensuring inclusivity and intersubjectivity.
No harm principle should be followed, with less risk in social research than medical but still present.
Informed consent and opt-out options are essential to minimize potential harm and risks.

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Description

Test your understanding of ideographic explanations, which involve providing rich and specific descriptions of individuals or groups based on their unique characteristics and experiences. This quiz explores the concept of ideographic explanations and how they differ from nomothetic explanations.