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Questions and Answers
What is the best way to describe a granite based on its physical appearance?
What structure have you passed over if you observed rocks getting younger, then older, as you walked along a flat surface?
Which set of rock layers is correctly arranged from oldest to youngest?
If a geologist wants to determine the exact age of an igneous rock sample estimated to be between 1 million and 5 million years old, will using carbon-14 be helpful?
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What type of crystal formation is most likely to occur in fast-cooling lava flows?
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Which of the following compositions is typical for granite rock?
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Where do most sedimentary rocks usually form?
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Which process correctly describes physical weathering?
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What layer is dense, hot, and semi-solid, primarily composed of iron, magnesium, and silicon?
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Which statement accurately describes the inner core and outer core?
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What dating technique would a geologist use if they measured the ages of rocks beneath and above a fossil to estimate its age?
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What type of information is generally shown in the geologic time scale?
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If loosely-packed and water-logged sediments lose strength during earthquakes, what hazard may occur?
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After experiencing a magnitude 8.0 earthquake near the sea, what hazard are residents most exposed to?
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What term refers to an extreme natural phenomenon in Earths crust that poses risks to life and property?
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Study Notes
Identifying Granite
- Granite is a light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock rich in silica.
Geological Structures
- An anticline fold is a structure where the age of rocks decreases until the middle, and then increases again.
Relative Dating
- Rock layers can be arranged from oldest to youngest using relative dating methods.
- In Figure 1, the correct arrangement is A. P – O – N – M – L – Q.
Carbon-14 Dating
- Carbon-14 dating is not suitable for determining the age of a rock sample between 1 million and 5 million years old.
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
- Sedimentary rocks usually form in bodies of water.
Physical Weathering
- Physical weathering is described as a carabao stepping on and crushing a limestone.
Earth's Layers
- The mantle is the thickest layer, made mostly of iron, magnesium, and silicon, that is dense, hot, and semi-solid.
- The inner core is extremely dense, made up of solid iron, and is intensely hot, while the outer core is made of iron and nickel in liquid form, heated largely by radioactive decay.
Dating Techniques
- A geologist uses relative dating techniques to estimate the period when a dinosaur existed in the past.
Geologic Time Scale
- The geologic time scale shows the geologic history of the Earth.
Geological Hazards
- Liquefaction is a hazard that may happen if loosely-packed and water-logged sediments at or near ground surface lose strength during earthquakes.
- After a magnitude 8.0 earthquake, residents near the sea are most exposed to a tsunami hazard.
- Geologic hazards refer to extreme natural phenomena in Earth’s crust, like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, that may cause danger to life and property.
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Description
Test your knowledge on identifying granite based on physical appearance. Choose the best description out of the options provided for the given granite sample based on its color, grain size, and silica content.
