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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes external irreversibility?
Which of the following best describes external irreversibility?
Which condition is NOT required for a process to be considered reversible?
Which condition is NOT required for a process to be considered reversible?
In a constant volume process, which of the following properties remains unchanged?
In a constant volume process, which of the following properties remains unchanged?
What contributes to internal irreversibility in thermodynamic systems?
What contributes to internal irreversibility in thermodynamic systems?
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Which of these processes do NOT represent a means of energy transfer?
Which of these processes do NOT represent a means of energy transfer?
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What is the relationship between change in enthalpy and change in temperature in an isobaric process?
What is the relationship between change in enthalpy and change in temperature in an isobaric process?
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In an isobaric process, the work done in a non-flow case is expressed as which of the following?
In an isobaric process, the work done in a non-flow case is expressed as which of the following?
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What indicates that a process is isobaric?
What indicates that a process is isobaric?
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How is work defined under steady-flow conditions?
How is work defined under steady-flow conditions?
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In an ideal gas process at constant pressure, what is the work done represented in terms of temperature change?
In an ideal gas process at constant pressure, what is the work done represented in terms of temperature change?
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What does the change in entropy formula depend on in an isobaric process?
What does the change in entropy formula depend on in an isobaric process?
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For a perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process, if the initial temperature is 100℉, what is required to find the final temperature?
For a perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process, if the initial temperature is 100℉, what is required to find the final temperature?
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What does the equation ∆U = mCv∆T represent?
What does the equation ∆U = mCv∆T represent?
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What is the relationship between pressure and temperature during an isometric process?
What is the relationship between pressure and temperature during an isometric process?
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Which equation correctly describes the change in enthalpy for an isometric process?
Which equation correctly describes the change in enthalpy for an isometric process?
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In an isometric process, what is the value of work done for a non-flow process?
In an isometric process, what is the value of work done for a non-flow process?
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What does the equation W = -ΔPE - ΔKE - ΔPV imply for an isometric process?
What does the equation W = -ΔPE - ΔKE - ΔPV imply for an isometric process?
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How is the change in entropy calculated for a gas during an isometric process?
How is the change in entropy calculated for a gas during an isometric process?
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What does the ideal gas equation PV = mRT imply for isometric conditions?
What does the ideal gas equation PV = mRT imply for isometric conditions?
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If no heat is transferred in an isometric process, how is internal energy related to work?
If no heat is transferred in an isometric process, how is internal energy related to work?
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What characterizes an isobaric process?
What characterizes an isobaric process?
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In an isometric process, how is work defined in relation to pressure change?
In an isometric process, how is work defined in relation to pressure change?
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What effect does adding heat have in an isometric process?
What effect does adding heat have in an isometric process?
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Study Notes
Ideal Gas Processes
- Thermodynamics processes involve energy transfer, like heating/cooling, compression/expansion, stirring/pumping
- Energy transfer amount depends on the process and final/initial states (properties)
Special Cases of Polytropic Process
- Isometric: Constant volume, PVn = C
- Isobaric: Constant pressure, PVn = C
- Isothermal: Constant temperature, PVn = C
- Isentropic: Constant entropy, PVn = C
- Special Polytropic (1 < n < k), PVn = C
External Irreversibility
- Irreversibility external to the system, such as friction on moving parts (pistons, cylinders), friction between atmosphere and rotating members.
- Heat flow through containing walls is also a form of external irreversibility (adiabatic wall is theoretical)
Internal Irreversibility
- Irreversibility caused by fluid friction within a system.
- Internal events like mixing or diffusion of multiple gases (e.g., turbulence, whirlpools, eddies) are irreversible.
Constant Volume Process (Isometric)
- Process occurs under incompressibility constraints
- Specific volume and density remain constant
- PV/T = C if V = constant
Isometric Process (Detailed)
- PV-T relation: PV/T = C, if V is constant
- Change in Internal Energy: ΔU = mCvΔT
- Change in Enthalpy: ΔH = mCpΔT
- Non-flow Work: Wnf = 0
- Steady-flow Work: Wsf = -ΔPE - ΔKE - ΔPV
- Change in Entropy: ΔS = mCvln(T2/T1) = mCvln(P2/P1)
Constant Pressure Process (Isobaric)
- Process where pressure remains constant
- Can be reversible or irreversible, non-flow or steady-flow
- PV/T = C if P is constant
- PV-T relation: PV/T = C, if P is constant; V1/T1 = V2/T2
- Change in Internal Energy: ΔU = mCvΔT
- Change in Enthalpy: ΔH = mCpΔT
- Non-flow Work: Wnf = PΔV
- Steady-flow Work: Wsf = -ΔPE - ΔKE - ΔPV; Wsf = -VΔP or Wsf = 0 if pressure is constant
- Change in Entropy: ΔS = mCpln(T2/T1) = mCpln(V2/V1)
Problems (Example)
- Problems involving perfect gases, values for R and k, heat transfer at constant volume/pressure, finding final temperature, enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, and work. (Specific details are provided in the included problem statements).
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Description
Explore the principles of ideal gas processes, including various thermodynamic methods such as isometric, isobaric, isothermal, and isentropic processes. This quiz will also cover concepts of external and internal irreversibility in thermodynamic systems. Test your understanding of these critical concepts in thermodynamics!
