ICT in Business: Hardware and Software

12 Questions

What does this Lecture aim to achieve from a Business perspective?

Illustrate how technology can enhance business processes.

Why is it essential for managers to comprehend the characteristics of input, output, and storage devices?

To choose the right equipment for specific applications.

What does understanding recent developments like XML in the software industry enable managers to do?

Develop long-term plans for technology use.

Which of the following is NOT a part of computer hardware?

Spreadsheet software

How can an increased understanding of computers benefit managers?

By improving existing business processes through technology.

Why is it necessary for managers to comprehend the range of software applications available?

To see potential applications relevant to a given organization or industry.

What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Controlling all main functions of the computer system

Which input device uses a transparent, pressure-sensitive covering attached to a monitor screen?

Touch screen

What does Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software aim to recognize?

Individual characters in a digital image

What is the primary purpose of Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)?

Detecting darkened marks on paper

Which hardware component provides a permanent means of storing data and programs until needed?

Storage devices

What best describes a Thin Client architecture in a network system?

Central server carrying out most processing

Study Notes

Hardware and Software in Business

Managers should understand the characteristics of input, output, and storage devices to select the correct equipment for a business application.
Understanding computers helps managers identify opportunities to improve business processes and potential applications.
Common business applications like word processing and spreadsheet software require an understanding of factors involved in selecting them.
Familiarity with software applications and recent developments like XML helps managers develop long-term technology plans.

Computer System Components

A computer system consists of interrelated hardware and software components that work together to convert data into information.
Hardware components include input devices, memory, central processing unit (CPU), output devices, and storage devices.

Basic Hardware Components

Input devices enter data, information, or instructions into a computer-based information system.
The central processing unit (CPU) controls a computer's main functions and enables users to execute programs or process data.
Memory temporarily stores data awaiting processing, instructions, or processed data.
Storage devices permanently store data and programs until needed.
Output devices translate processed data into a human-readable form.

Cost-Efficient Forms of PCs

Net PCs are low-cost, centrally managed computers that support network applications, but without disk drives, CD-ROM drives, or expansion slots.
Thin clients rely on central servers for processing, providing applications and reducing memory and processor demands.
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes purchase/leasing costs and support services for end-users.

Input Devices

Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and touchscreens.
Optical character recognition (OCR) software recognizes individual characters from digital images.
Optical mark recognition (OMR) detects and recognizes marks on paper forms.
Bar code readers identify unique identification numbers from reflected light beams.
Touchscreens allow users to make selections and control programs by pressing on the screen.
Voice recognition enables control of computer programs or data entry through spoken commands via a microphone.