ICT 141 Lecture 3: Introduction to Internet & Email

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a firewall within a private network?

To optimize internet speed for users.

To prevent unauthorized access to or from the private network. (correct)

To encrypt all data transmitted over the network.

To block all incoming internet traffic.

Which of the following statements correctly describes Secure Socket Layer (SSL)?

It is an encryption algorithm used to analyze network messages.

It establishes an unencrypted link between a server and a client.

It is a standard security protocol for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client. (correct)

It is the latest standard for cryptographic protocol.

Which encryption algorithm is mentioned as a standard used for securing sensitive data over the internet?

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (correct)

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Rivest Cipher (RC)

Which of the following best describes the function of Transport Layer Security (TLS)?

It provides a secure connection over the internet and is the successor to SSL. Signup and view all the answers

What does the BCC field allow in an email?

Hides the email addresses from other recipients. Signup and view all the answers

All messages entering or leaving an intranet pass through what system for examination?

Firewall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about search engines is true?

They are designed to search for information across the World Wide Web. Signup and view all the answers

What is generally NOT a feature of email services?

Providing video conferencing functionalities. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Internet?

A worldwide network connecting various types of networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to connect to the Internet?

An access device, means of connection, and an Internet access provider. Signup and view all the answers

What does bandwidth express in terms of internet connections?

The amount of data that can be sent through a channel over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connection allows multiple signals to be transmitted at once?

Broadband connection. Signup and view all the answers

Why might one say that the Internet cannot be owned?

It is a concept rather than a tangible entity. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is considered the 'client' in a client/server network?

The computer requesting data or services. Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a server in the context of the Internet?

A central computer that supplies data or services. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the development of the Internet?

Its history dates back to the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

Network protocol, Host name, File location Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes static web pages?

They are delivered exactly as stored and do not change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Dynamic web pages?

To customize content based on various criteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

To facilitate viewing of web pages on the web. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about HTTPS is true?

It adds security features to the standard HTTP protocol. Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is primarily used for transferring files from one host to another on the Internet?

FTP Signup and view all the answers

How do client-side scripting languages like JavaScript typically interact with web pages?

They modify the webpage presentation directly in the user's browser. Signup and view all the answers

What security measure does a firewall primarily provide?

Preventing unauthorized access to a network. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ICT 141 Computing Skills Fundamentals I

Course: ICT 141
Module: Computing Skills Fundamentals I
Lecture: 3 - Introduction to Internet & Email

The Internet

The Internet is a worldwide computer network connecting thousands of smaller networks.
It links educational, commercial, non-profit, and military entities, plus individuals.
It's a global networked system using TCP/IP to connect billions of devices globally.
It is an international network of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, linked electronically, wirelessly, and optically.
Also known as "The Net," "Info. Superhighway," and "Cyberspace."

Internet Penetration

Image shows global network connections.

Who Owns the Internet?

No single person or organization owns or controls the Internet fully.
It's more of a concept than a physical entity.
It relies on a physical infrastructure connecting networks to other networks.
Its history starts with electronic computers developed in the 1950s.

How the Internet Works

The Internet is a vast network linking thousands of smaller networks.
Client/server networks are central to how it functions.
A client is a computer requesting data or services.
A server (host) is a central computer providing data or services.

Connecting to the Internet

To connect, you need:
- An access device (computer with modem).
- A connection method (phone line, cable hookup, or wireless).
- An Internet access provider.

Connecting to the Internet (Bandwidth)

Bandwidth dictates connection speed.
Bandwidth shows how much data a communications channel can send in a given time.
Baseband connections are slow, allowing only one signal at a time.
Broadband connections send multiple signals simultaneously, making them faster.

Data Transmission Speeds

Data transfer is measured in bits per second (bps).
8 bits convey one character (e.g., 'A' or 'a').
Kbps (kilobits per second) send 1,000 bits per second.
Mbps (megabits per second) send 1 million bits per second.
Gbps (gigabits per second) send 1 billion bits per second.
Uploads send data from your computer to another computer.
Downloads receive data from another computer to your computer.

Intranet vs. Extranet

Intranets use Internet infrastructure for internal organizational use only.
Extranets are similar to intranets, but they allow selected outside entities (e.g., suppliers) to access information.

Internet Services and Uses

Email, discussion groups, research, news, entertainment, file downloads, e-commerce, financial services, online auctions, career advancement, e-business, and social networking.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The web and internet are different.
The web is multimedia-based and uses the internet's infrastructure.
The WWW is an interconnected system of internet computers (servers) supporting multimedia documents.
It's an information-sharing model built on the internet.
It's a system of linked hypertext documents accessible through the internet.

Useful Concepts

Hypertext: text with links to other text, allowing immediate access.
Hyperlinks: references to data, followed by clicking or hovering.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language): language for creating web documents.

Web Browser

A software app for retrieving, presenting, and navigating information resources on the World Wide Web.
Websites and information are identified by uniform resource locators (URLs).
A URL can point to a webpage, image, video, or other content.

Web Browser (Model)

Uses client-server model to function.
Browser acts as the client, requesting information from web servers located on the Internet.
Web servers process requests and send information back to the browser, which displays it on a device.

Examples of Web Browsers

Popular browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, and Opera.
Browsers can also access information on Intranets.

Mobile Browsers

Often called microbrowsers, they are specifically designed for mobile devices.
They are pared down versions of standard web browsers, optimized for mobile devices with limited memory and processing power.

Webpages vs. Websites

Webpages are individual documents written in HTML.
Websites are collections of webpages under a domain.
Domain names help users access specific websites.

URLs

Global addresses of documents or resources on the WWW.
They consist of a protocol, host (domain), and location.
Common protocols include http, ftp, and mailto.

Examples (URLs)

URLs are provided as examples. Different protocols lead to different types and formats.

Static Webpages

Displayed exactly as stored, with consistent content for all users.
Typically created using HTML files.
Do not require a web server for dynamic updates.
Examples include a student's personal profile page.

Dynamic Webpages

Content changes based on user interaction and specific criteria.
Frequent updates (e.g., stock prices, weather).
Created using client-side scripting (e.g., JavaScript) and/or server-side scripting (e.g., ASP, PHP, Hypertext Processors)

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Protocol for viewing webpages on the WWW.
Foundation for data communication on the web.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Network protocol for transferring computer files between hosts (e.g., between computers on the internet).
Uses a client-server architecture.

Internet Security Protocols

HTTPS (for secure web browsing) encrypts data in transit, protecting sensitive information.
SSL/TLS (Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security): protocols for secure communication.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a powerful encryption algorithm.

Firewall

A system for preventing unauthorized access to/from a private network.
Firewalls regulate messages entering and leaving an intranet, ensuring they meet security criteria.

Search Engines

Websites or systems designed to search the WWW for information.
They commonly present results as a list of search results pages.
Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc. are examples of search engines.

Email Services

Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a common method of sending electronic messages.
Ray Tomlinson sent the first email in 1971.

Email Addresses

Provide an example list of email addresses (e.g., Gmail.com, Yahoo.com, etc).

Composing an Email

Instructions on using "TO," "CC," and "BCC" fields. Identifying messages for recipients (e.g., cc)

Email Parts

Graphical explanation of email formatting components: send, reply, subject, etc.

Email Attachments

Documents (often in different file types) attached to email messages.
Recipients need appropriate software to open such attachments.
Attached files may contain security risks.

Challenges of Using the Internet

Privacy, security concerns, lack of central governing body, and existence of unauthorized websites.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of the Internet in this ICT 141 lecture. Understand how the global computer network operates, its ownership structure, and the concepts that define it. Join us in discovering the intricacies of cyberspace and its impact on various sectors.