Networking Fundamentals Quiz

Host vs End System

• Host and end system refer to the same thing: devices connected to the internet.

Protocol Standards

• Standards guarantee interoperability between different devices and systems.

Access Technologies

• Examples include Dial-up, DSL, Cable, and Ethernet.

Internet Protocol Stack Layers

• The layers are Application, Transport, Network, Link, and Physical.

Circuit-Switched vs Packet-Switched Networks

• Circuit-switched networks provide guaranteed bandwidth during a session.
• Packet-switched networks do not guarantee bandwidth.

Peering Between ISPs

• Peering reduces costs and latency by allowing ISPs to bypass intermediaries.

Google's Private Network

• Google's private network improves user experience, reduces costs, and avoids ISP charges.

Networking Delays

• Delay types include processing, queuing, transmission, and propagation delays.

Network Protocol Stack Tasks

• Generic tasks include error control, flow control, segmentation, multiplexing, and connection setup.

ATM Protocol Design (P1)

• The ATM communicates with the bank using commands like HELO, PASSWD, BALANCE, WITHDRAW, and BYE.
• The server responds with messages like OK, ERR, and AMOUNT.
• Funds are dispensed for successful transactions.
• Insufficient funds result in an error message.

End-to-End Delay for Multiple Packets (P2)

• The total end-to-end delay for sending PPP packets over NNN links is (N+P−1)×LR(N + P - 1) \times \frac{L}{R}(N+P−1)×RL, where LLL is the packet size and RRR is the transmission rate.

Circuit vs Packet-Switched Networks (P3)

• Circuit-switched networks are suitable for applications with predictable bandwidth needs.
• Packet switching works without congestion control if the total data rate is below the link's capacity.

Car-Caravan Analogy (P5)

• The end-to-end delay for cars traveling between toll booths is approximately 57.457.457.4 minutes for 10 cars.
• The total delay for 8 cars is reduced to approximately 53 minutes.