ICP Chapter 1 Flashcards Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between precision and accuracy?

Precision is a degree of exactness using significant digits. (correct)

Precision is agreement to known standard. (correct)

Accuracy is the mass of an object.

Accuracy is the degree of exactness using significant digits.

Why is the traditional definition of physical science no longer sufficient?

Physical science does not mean the study of 'dead things'. It studies matter, mass, energy, etc.

Why could the observation that the sun sets in the west be called a scientific law?

Laws describe consistent observations.

Why could the statement 'The rotation of Earth causes the sun to set' be considered a scientific theory?

Theories explain phenomena. Signup and view all the answers

What is mass and how does it differ from weight?

Mass is the amount of matter; weight is a force. Signup and view all the answers

Why would you use scientific notation to express 35 nm in meters?

35 nm is $35 imes 10^{-9}$ m. Signup and view all the answers

Is the mass measured by the zoologist for the elephant accurate?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of science is not included in physical science?

Zoology Signup and view all the answers

Which science deals most with energy and forces?

Physics Signup and view all the answers

Using superconductors to build computers is an example of?

Technology Signup and view all the answers

What is a balance used to measure?

Mass Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is an SI base unit?

Kilogram Signup and view all the answers

The composition of the mixture of gases that makes up our air is best represented on what kind of graph?

Pie graph Signup and view all the answers

In a controlled experiment, what remains fixed?

Other variables Signup and view all the answers

What is 0.000060 s written in scientific notation?

6.0 x 10^-5 s Signup and view all the answers

Why might a chemist make a model of a molecule?

To help visualize the molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum depth of a certain lake in kilometers if it is 244 m deep?

0.244 km Signup and view all the answers

Do scientific laws ever change?

Yes, laws change with new information. Signup and view all the answers

Are scientific methods sets of procedures that scientists follow?

The method is not exact. Signup and view all the answers

Which variable is the dependent variable and which is the independent variable?

Time is independent, temperature is dependent. Signup and view all the answers

Why was data presented in a line graph?

Continuous data. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the step of searching through scientific journals take place in scientific methods?

Research. Signup and view all the answers

What is wrong with the statement about falling due to the law of gravitation?

'Because' is an explanation; gravity is only a law. Signup and view all the answers

How does your stopwatch affect the accuracy and precision of measurement if it runs 2 s fast?

Not accurate. Signup and view all the answers

Which brand is thought to have the best sound for the price?

Walsonic Signup and view all the answers

Is sound quality truly related to price according to the data?

False Signup and view all the answers

Show the composition of silver solder, which is 40% silver, 40% tin, 14% copper, and 6% zinc, in a pie graph?

Signup and view all the answers

Write 22,000 mg in scientific notation.

2.2 x 10^4 mg Signup and view all the answers

Write 0.0000037 kg in scientific notation.

3.7 x 10^-6 kg Signup and view all the answers

Write the answers to 37,000,000 A multiplied by 7,100,000 s in scientific notation.

2.6 x 10^14 A*S Signup and view all the answers

Write the answer to 0.000312 m^3 divided by 486 s in scientific notation.

6.42 x 10^-7 m^3/s Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Precision vs. Accuracy

Precision refers to the degree of exactness using significant digits.
Accuracy is the agreement of a measurement with a known standard.

Definition of Physical Science

Traditional definition described physical science as "the science of the nonliving world."
Current understanding encompasses the study of matter, mass, energy, and not just nonliving objects.

Scientific Law

A scientific law describes consistent observations, such as the sun setting in the west.

Scientific Theory

A scientific theory explains phenomena, such as the Earth's rotation causing the sun to set.

Mass vs. Weight

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force acting on that mass due to gravity.

Scientific Notation

Using scientific notation is essential for expressing very small measures like 35 nm, represented as 3.5 x 10^-8 m.

Accuracy in Measurement

The measured mass of the elephant (3,480 kg) is accurate when compared to its actual mass (3,476 kg).

Branches of Science

Zoology is a branch of science that is not included in physical science.

Focus of Physics

Physics is the branch of science that primarily deals with energy and forces.

Application of Technology

Utilizing superconductors to develop computers represents an application of technology.

Scientific Tool for Measurement

A balance is a tool used for measuring mass.

SI Base Unit

The kilogram is recognized as an SI base unit.

Pie Graphs

The composition of air, like mixtures of gases, is best represented using a pie graph.

Controlled Experiment

In a controlled experiment, one variable is manipulated while other variables remain constant.

Scientific Notation Conversion

0.000060 seconds can be expressed in scientific notation as 6.0 x 10^-5 s.

Molecular Modeling

Chemists create models of molecules to facilitate visualization and better understanding.

Conversion of Units

The maximum depth of a lake (244 m) converts to kilometers as 0.244 km.

Evolving Scientific Laws

Scientific laws can change with the introduction of new information.

Scientific Methods

Scientific methods are not strictly procedural; they are flexible and adaptable depending on the research.

Variables in Experiments

In experiments, time is considered the independent variable while temperature is the dependent variable.

Line Graph Utilization

Line graphs are used to represent continuous data effectively.

Research in Scientific Methods

Before conducting experiments, reviewing scientific journals is part of the research phase in scientific methods.

Misinterpretation of Scientific Laws

Laws alone do not provide explanations; gravity as a law does not explain the cause of falling objects.

Impact of Stopwatch on Measurements

A stopwatch running fast affects the accuracy of measurements, making reported times inaccurate.

Sound Quality and Price

Personal opinion on sound quality preference and data does not support a direct correlation between sound quality and price.

Composition Representation

The composition of silver solder can be visually represented in a pie graph.

Measurements in Scientific Notation

22,000 mg converts to scientific notation as 2.2 x 10^4 mg.
0.0000037 kg converts to scientific notation as 3.7 x 10^-6 kg.

Calculations in Scientific Notation

Multiplying 37 million A by 7.1 million s results in 2.6 x 10^4 A*S.
Dividing 0.000312 m^3 by 486 s yields 6.42 x 10^7 m^3/s.

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Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 1 of ICP, including the distinctions between precision and accuracy, as well as the evolving definition of physical science. These flashcards will help reinforce your learning and clarify essential terminology in the field.